Indonesia's Cooperation with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in Global Army Trade 2019-2024

Authors

  • Maulana Fasha Aralea Universitas Al-Ghifari Author
  • Achdijat Sulaeman Universitas Al-Ghifari Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.65310/bh5svn19

Keywords:

Indonesia, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Global Army Trade.

Abstract

Indonesia is the most powerful country in Southeast Asia and the 13th in the world, according to research from Global Firepower and the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). However, Indonesia requires cooperation with other countries in military diplomacy on the international stage, while upholding the principle of an independent and active foreign policy. Therefore, Indonesia can collaborate with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in global arms sales, including joint exercises. This research method uses qualitative research, which utilizes conditional observations on natural objects and data collection as explanatory information. The study results indicate that Indonesia can collaborate with North Atlantic Treaty Organization member states in defense development, such as the physical construction of the Minimum Essential Force (MEF) and Indonesia's role in joint exercises, with the caveat that Indonesia does not have an official relationship with NATO as a non-member country.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Anderton, C. H. (1995). Economics of arms trade. Handbook of defense economics, 1, 523-561.

Ar-Rasyid, T. P., & Wiswayana, W. M. (2023). Upaya Kerja Sama Pertahanan Indonesia-Amerika Serikat Dalam Mencapai Target Minimum Essential Force. JURNAL HUBUNGAN LUAR NEGERI, 8(1), 140–158. Retrieved from https://jurnal.kemlu.go.id/jurnal-hublu/article/view/9

Crystal, S. (2015). Coercive Diplomacy : A Theoretical and Practical Evaluation. Glendon Journal of International Studies, 8(1), 1–29. http://gjis.journals.yorku.ca/index.ph p/gjis/article/view/38941/3630

Drab, L. (2018). Defence diplomacy – an important tool for the implementation of foreign policy and security of the state. Security and Defence Quarterly, 20(3), 57–71. https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.5152

Global Fire Power. (2025). 2025 Military Strength Ranking. https://www.globalfirepower.com/countries-listing.php

Global Fire Power. (2025). Southeast Asian Military Powers Ranked (2025). https://www.globalfirepower.com/countries-listing-southeast-asia.php

Hottom, P. (2012). Measuring International Arms Transfers. SIPRI Fact Sheet, 1– 2.

Kemhan RI. (2020). “Kunker Menhan RI ke Perancis, Tandai 70 Tahun Hubungan Diplomatik RI,”. https://www.kemhan.go.id/2020/01/13/kunker-menhan-ri-ke-perancis-tandai-70-tahun-hubungandiplomatik-ri-perancis.html

Kemlu RI. 2021. “Indonesia dan Prancis Tandatangani Persetujuan Kerja Sama Pertahanan,” https://kemlu.go.id/portal/id/read/2648/berita/indonesia-dan-prancis-tandatangani-persetujuan-kerjasama-pertahanan

Levine, Paul & Smith, Ron, 1995. "The Arms Trade and Arms Control," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 105(429), pages 471-484, March.

Major Richard W. B. Hutton. (2018). Jakarta Knows Best: US Defense Policies and Security Cooperation in 1950s Indonesia. U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. ATTN: ATZL-SWD-GD. Fort Leavenworth, KS 66027-2301

Mohamad Rosyidin (2019). Metodologi penelitian hubungan internasional / Mohamad Rosyidin.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization. (29 June 2022). NATO 2020 STRATEGIC CONCEPT : Adopted by Heads of State and Government at the NATO Summit in Madrid.

Patricia Kimball, Nathan O'Hara, Isaiah Quinby.(2024). Allies, Partners, and Prospects: Global Perspectives on the Indo-Pacific. The Henry M. Jackson Scholl of Internasional Studies Task Force Report 2024. University of Washington.

Rani Mardhika, de Fretes, C. H. J., & Simanjuntak, T. R. (2023). Kepentingan Indonesia dalam Hubungan Kerja Sama Pertahanan Indonesia – Perancis : (Studi Kasus: Pembelian Pesawat Tempur Dassault Rafale Tahun 2020 – 2022). Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin, 2(04), 43–55. https://doi.org/10.56127/jukim.v2i04.757

Reni Susanti. 2015. “Kalahkan Eropa dan AS, Senjata Pindad diburu Lima Negara”. Kompas.

SIPRI. (2022). Arms Transfer Database 2020-2021. Diakses pada 23 Januari 2025.

SIPRI. (2022). Trade Register 2020-2021: Transfer of Major Weapons from U.S. to Indonesia. Diakses pada 23 Januari 2025.

Sutrimo Sumarlan, Pujo Widodo, Ferry Valdano Akbar. (2019). Kebijakan Politik Penjualan Senjata Api Kecil & Ringan Indonesia dalam Perdagangan Senjata Global. Jurnal Industri Pertahanan, https://jurnalprodi.idu.ac.id/index.php/IP/article/view/456/JIPV1N1

U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency [producer], 1995. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 1995. http://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR06516.v1

U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. WORLD MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND ARMS TRANSFERS, 1983-1993. Washington, DC:

U.S. Department of State. (2021). U.S. Security Cooperation with Indonesia. Bureau of Political-Military Affairs. https://www.state.gov/u-s-securitycooperation-with-indonesia/

U.S. Embassy Jakarta. (2021). U.S. and Indonesia Strengthen Partnership with Garuda Shield 2021 Military Exercise. Press Releases. https://id.usembassy.gov/u- s-and-indonesia-strengthen-partnership-with-garuda-shield-2021- military-exercise/

U.S. Embassy Jakarta. (2021). U.S., Indonesia Commence Bilateral Maritime Exercise CARAT Indonesia. Press Releases. https://id.usembassy.gov/u-s-indonesia-commence-bilateral-maritime-exercise-carat-indonesia/

United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. (2000). World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers 1998 [Fact sheet]. U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Verification and Compliance.

Van Lieshout, J., Beeres, R. (2022). Economics of Arms Trade: What Do We Know?. In: Beeres, R., Bertrand, R., Klomp, J., Timmermans, J., Voetelink, J. (eds) NL ARMS Netherlands Annual Review of Military Studies 2021. NL ARMS. T.M.C. Asser Press, The Hague. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-471-6_2

Wezeman, S. T. (2019). Arms Flows to South East Asia. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 1(1), 61.

Published

2025-12-22

How to Cite

Indonesia’s Cooperation with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in Global Army Trade 2019-2024. (2025). Journal of Legal, Political, and Humanistic Inquiry, 1(2), 96-105. https://doi.org/10.65310/bh5svn19