Evaluation of Labor Policy on Minimum Wages and the Risk of Exploitation in the Formal Industry
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65310/rm0xvk04Keywords:
Minimum Wage, Labor Policy, Labor Exploitation, Formal Industry, Labor EconomicsAbstract
The minimum wage is a labor policy instrument designed to protect workers from labor market failures and improve welfare. However, in practice, this policy still leaves room for labor exploitation in formal industries. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of labor policies on minimum wage setting and their implications for labor exploitation risks. This study uses a qualitative economic approach with a descriptive-analytical design based on secondary data. Data were obtained through a literature review of economic labor literature, statistical reports, and relevant previous research results. The results and discussion show that the minimum wage does not yet fully function as an instrument of welfare protection, but rather tends to be a maximum wage limit due to the weak bargaining position of workers and an unbalanced labor market structure. These conditions create economic dependence and increase vulnerability to exploitative labor practices even in the formal sector. The conclusion of this study emphasizes that strengthening minimum wage policies in line with the cost of living and productivity, supported by effective monitoring mechanisms, is necessary to reduce the risk of exploitation and promote the creation of a fair and sustainable labor market.
Downloads
References
Adinda, Yosephine, and Jefri Hari Akbar. “Perlindungan Hukum Pekerja Sektor Informal Terhadap Kesesuaian Upah Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Dedikasi Hukum (Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang) 4, no. 1 (2024). https://doi.org/10.22219/jdh.v4i1.30356.
Amanda, A. (2024). Kerentanan kerja pada pekerja harian lepas di industri kreatif Indonesia. Journal Research of Management, 5(2), 186-204. https://doi.org/10.51713/jarma.2024.526
Choirotunnisa, M. (2023). Labor Polemics and A Comparison of Indonesian Labor Policies. Progress In Social Development, 4(1), 7-19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30872/psd.v4i1.49
Dalimunthe, N., & Suhardina, S. (2024). Dinamika Ketenagakerjaan Non Formal: Analisis Sistem Pengupahan Dan Perbandingannya Dengan Ketenagakerjaan Formal Dalam Perspektif Hukum. Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research, 4(3), 7049-7059. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31004/innovative.v4i3.11074
Delinar, D. (2025). Implementasi Kebijakan Dinas Ketenagakerjaan Terhadap Perlindungan Tenaga Kerja Perempuan Di Kabupaten Luwu Utara (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Islam Negri Palopo).
Dwiprigitaningtias, I., & SH, M. (2024). Buku Ajar Hukum Ketenagakerjaan: Hukum Ketenagakerjaan Untuk Kebijakan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan Dalam Industri Hijau . Airiz Publishing
Faruddin, H. E., & Djamaluddin, S. (2025). Pengaruh Upah Minimum Provinsi Terhadap Pekerja Formal dan Informal Di Indonesia. Jurnal Locus Penelitian dan Pengabdian, 4(6). https://doi.org/10.58344/locus.v4i6.4122
Hanafi, S. (2024). Evaluasi Kebijakan Perluasan Kesempatan Kerja Untuk Tenaga Kerja Lokal Di Kabupaten Bekasi (Disertasi doktoral, Politeknik STIA LAN Jakarta).
Hendro. “Identifikasi Kriteria Pekerja Informal Terhadap Pemilik Usaha Makan-Minum Di Jakarta.” Indonesian Business Review 4, no. 2 (2021): 127. https://doi.org/10.21632/ibr.4.2.114-133.
Hirawan, FB, Fauri, A., Tobing, H., & Muhyiddin, M. (2023). Kajian UU 11/2020 tentang Cipta Kerja klaster ketenagakerjaan: Studi pada regulasi pengupahan, PHK, dan pesangon. Jurnal Ketenagakerjaan , 18 (1), 1-13 https://doi.org/10.47198/jnaker.v18i1.205
Natasyafira, D. (2025). Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Gig Worker Bidang Industri Kreatif Sebagai Pekerja Di Indonesia (Doctoral dissertation, UPN Veteran Jawa Timur).
Pakpahan, A., & Yusuf, H. (2025). Eksploitasi Anak dalam Industri Tembakau: Tinjauan Hukum dan Kriminologis atas Kasus di NTB dan Jawa Timur. Media Hukum Indonesia (MHI), 3(3). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16411605
Rachma, F., Purwanto, CS, Fanita, AR, Luthfia, HM, & Indrawan, J. (2025). Eksploitasi Buruh Garmen Di Bangladesh Oleh Korporasi Multinasional. Jurnal Studi Ilmu Politik , 4 (4), 215-227. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19109/jsipol.v4i4.29974
Rozikin, I. S., & Muhyiddin, M. (2025). Transformasi Pasar Kerja di Indonesia: Studi Kebijakan Ketenagakerjaan dalam UU Cipta Kerja. Journal of Social Movements, 2(1), 15-40. https://doi.org/10.62491/jsm.v2i1.2025.34
Samudera, RS (2025). Implementasi Kebijakan Uu Cipta Kerja Dalam Tata Kelola Ketenagakerjaan, Lingkungan, Dan Perizinan Berusaha Berbasis Risiko Di Indonesia Pasca-Pandemi https://doi.org/10.61731/dpmr.v5i1.44206
Sholikin, A. (2024). “Jaminan Sosial” bagi Tenaga Kerja Informal pada Sektor Industri Ekstraktif di Bojonegoro. Madani Jurnal Politik Dan Sosial Kemasyarakatan , 16 (02), 225-248 https://doi.org/10.52166/madani.v16i02.7401
Sugeng Santoso, P. N., & SH, M. (2025). Reformasi Hukum Ketenagakerjaan Antara Perlindungan Hukum Dan Fleksibilitas Dunia Usaha. Prenada Media.
Supiot. “Labour Is Not a Commodity: The Content and Meaning of Work in the Twenty‐first Centur.” International Labour Review 160, no. 1 (2021): 20. https://doi.org/10.1111/ilr.12205.
Tjakradirana, E., Rosida, N., & Wijaya, E. (2024). Kebijakan Pemerintah dalam Menetapkan Upah Minimum yang Layak di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0: Kebijakan Pemerintah Dalam Menetapkan Upah Minimum Yang Layak Di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0. Mendapo: Journal of Administrative Law, 5(3), 224-240. https://doi.org/10.22437/mendapo.v5i3.32106
WATI, M. I. (2023). Pelaksanaan Fungsi Pengawasan Terhadap Penerapan Upah Minimum Di Kota Pekanbaru Berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Ketenagakerjaan Nomor 33 Tahun 2016 Tentang Tata Cara Pengawasan Ketenagakerjaan (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau).
Wibawa, F. A. (2023). Kajian Hukum Terhadap Pengusaha Yang Mempekerjakan Anak Pada Sektor Informal Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 Tentang Ketenagakerjaan. DEKRIT (Jurnal Magister Ilmu Hukum), 13(2), 90-105. https://doi.org/10.55499/dekrit.v13n2.205
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Restu Ramania (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
