The Relationship between Parents' Attitudes, Behaviors, and Nutritional Knowledge and the Selection of Healthy Snacks for Early Childhood Children at Aisyiyah 3 Lasem Kindergarten
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65310/5c6cv162Keywords:
Attitudes, Behavior, Nutrition Knowledge, Healthy Snacks, Early Childhood.Abstract
The selection of healthy snacks in early childhood plays a crucial role in developing good eating habits. Parents play a key role in determining the types of snacks given to children. This study aimed to determine the relationship between parental attitudes, behaviors, and nutritional knowledge and healthy snack choices among children at TK Aisyiyah 3 Lasem. The study used a cross-sectional design, with 114 parent and children respondents selected through total sampling. The research instrument used the BAQ-HH questionnaire, which had been developed and tested for validity and reliability. Data were analyzed univariately, bivariately using the Chi-Square test, and multivariately using binary logistic regression. The study showed that most parents had good knowledge (71.1%), positive attitudes (44.7%), and good behavior (68.4%), but the selection of healthy snacks for children was not optimal, where 57.9% were in the good category and 42.1% were still poor. Bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between parental attitudes and the choice of healthy snacks (p = 0.007). However, no significant relationship was found between behavior (p = 0.078) or knowledge (p = 0.869) with the choice of healthy snacks. The results of the multivariate analysis showed that behavior was the most dominant factor in the choice of healthy snacks for children, where parents with poor behavior where 112 times more likely to choose unhealty snacking (OR= 112,664; p= 0,004).
Downloads
References
Albayati, H., Alistarbadi, N., & Rho, J. J. (2023). Assessing engagement decisions in NFT Metaverse based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Telematics and Informatics Reports, 10, 100045. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teler.2023.100045
Amira, K. A., & Setyaningtyas, S. (2021). Pengaruh Edukasi Gizi Terhadap Pengetahuan Dan Sikap Anak Sekolah Dasar Dalam Pemilihan Jajanan Sehat: Literature Review. Media Gizi Indonesia, 16(130-138). https://doi.org/10.20473/mgi.v16i2.130-138
Benjamin, L. S., Alshammari, S. A., Rashed Alenazi, T. S., Alqarni, A. S., Saber, N. M., Abd El-Salam, A. A., Chellathurai, A., Abd El-Maksoud, M. M., Mohsen, M. M., Abdullah, G., & Habbash, A. S. (2024). Parental beliefs, attitudes, and practices on nutrition and children feeding: implications to preventive measures on children's obesity in Saudi Arabia. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 28(11), 3733-3744. https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202406_36378
Bermingham, K. M., May, A., Asnicar, F., Capdevila, J., Leeming, E. R., Franks, P. W., Valdes, A. M., Wolf, J., Hadjigeorgiou, G., Delahanty, L. M., Segata, N., Spector, T. D., & Berry, S. E. (2024). Snack quality and snack timing are associated with cardiometabolic blood markers: the Zoe Predict study. European Journal of Nutrition, 63(1), 121-133. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-023-03241-6
Chilón-Troncos, R. F., García-Salirrosas, E. E., Escobar-Farfán, M., Millones-Liza, D. Y., & Villar-Guevara, M. (2024). Predicting willingness to consume healthy brand foods using the theory of planned behavior: the role of nutritional literacy. Front Nutr, 11, 1353569. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1353569
Dalrymple, K. V., Flynn, A. C., Seed, P. T., Briley, A. L., O'Keeffe, M., Godfrey, K. M., & Poston, L. (2020). Associations between dietary patterns, eating behaviours, and body composition and adiposity in 3-year-old children of mothers with obesity. Pediatr Obes, 15(5), e12608. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpo.12608
Foundation, B. N. (2025). What we mean by children’s nutrition. https://www.nutrition.org.uk/nutrition-for/children/
Gibson, E. L., Androutsos, O., Moreno, L., Flores-Barrantes, P., Socha, P., Iotova, V., Cardon, G., De Bourdeaudhuij, I., Koletzko, B., Skripkauskaite, S., Manios, Y., & On Behalf Of The Toybox-Study, G. (2020). Influences of Parental Snacking-Related Attitudes, Behaviours and Nutritional Knowledge on Young Children's Healthy and Unhealthy Snacking: The ToyBox Study. Nutrients, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12020432
Guerra, F., Zumbo, G., Straccamore, L., Sansotta, L., Stamegna, C., Iacono, R., Corridore, D., & Vozza, I. (2024). Parental Knowledge and Its Impact on Nutrition and Oral Health Habits in Children: A Cognitive Investigation. J Clin Med, 13(18). https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13185631
Gvamichava, R., Baramidze, L., & Tewfik, I. (2023). arental Nutritional Awareness for Enhancement of Child Nutrition and Healthy Lifestyle: A Literature Review. https://doi.org/10.52340/gbmn.2023.01.01.49
Hairil Akbar, N. A., Matius Paundanan, Agustin. (2021). Hubungan Pengetahuan dengan Sikap Orang Tua dalam Memilih Jajanan Sehat pada Siswa di SDN 1 Upai Kecamatan Kotamobagu Utara. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.56338/pjkm.v11i1.1514
Henry, B. W., Smith, T. J., & Ahmad, S. (2014). Psychometric assessment of the Behavior and Attitudes Questionnaire for Healthy Habits: measuring parents’ views on food and physical activity. Public Health Nutrition, 17(5), 1004-1012. https://doi.org/10.1017/S136898001200554X
Himatul Muhimah, F. (2023). Availability and Consumption Behavior of Snack Food with Nutritional Status in Elementary School. Media Gizi Kesmas, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.20473/mgk.v12i1.2023.575-582.
Kang, K., & Bagaoisan, M. A. P. (2024). Research Status of the Knowledge-Attitude-Practice Theory Model in Gastric Cancer Prevention. Cureus, 16(7), e64960. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.64960.
Kilanowski, J. F. (2017). Breadth of the socio-ecological model. Journal of agromedicine, 22(4), 295-297. https://doi.org/10.1080/1059924X.2017.1358971
Kurniyawan, E. H., Hana, N., Kahono, M. H. P., Sari, I. R., Afandi, A. T., Kurniawan, D. E., & Nur, K. R. M. (2023). The Role of Parents in Fulfilling Nutrition and Respiratory Health for Children in Agricultural Area: Literature Review. Nursing and Health Sciences Journal (NHSJ). https://doi.org/10.53713/nhsj.v3i4.284
Large, J. F., Madigan, C., Pradeilles, R., Markey, O., Boxer, B., & Rousham, E. K. (2023). Impact of unhealthy food and beverage consumption on children’s risk of dental caries: a systematic review. Nutrition Reviews, 82(11), 1539-1555. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuad147
Linde, J. A., Horning Dehmer, M. L., Lee, J., Friend, S., Flattum, C., Arcan, C., & Fulkerson, J. A. (2022). Associations of parent dietary role modeling with children's diet quality in a rural setting: Baseline data from the NU-HOME study. Appetite, 174, 106007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2022.106007
Ma, L. X., H. Zhang, Z. Li, L. Lin, Z. Qin, H. (2023). Nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and dietary practices among parents of children and adolescents in Weifang, China: A cross-sectional study. Prev Med Rep, 35, 102396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102396
Ma, L., Xu, H., Zhang, Z., Li, L., Lin, Z., & Qin, H. (2023). Nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and dietary practices among parents of children and adolescents in Weifang, China: a cross-sectional study. Preventive Medicine Reports. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102396
Mahmood, L., Flores-Barrantes, P., Moreno, L. A., Manios, Y., & Gonzalez-Gil, E. M. (2021). The Influence of Parental Dietary Behaviors and Practices on Children's Eating Habits. Nutrients, 13(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041138
Prasetyo, Y. B., Permatasari, P., & Susanti, H. D. . (2023). The effect of mothers’ nutritional education and knowledge on children’s nutritional status: a systematic review. International Journal of Child Care and Education Policy, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40723-023-00114-7
Ristanti, I. K., S., D. K. P., Prasiwi, N. W., & Purborini, A. R. (2023). Relationship between food parenting and snacking habits with the nutritional status of school-age children. International Nutrition and Health Administrations Journal,, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.47710/inhaj.v1i2.13
Rodoman, I., Timotin, A., & Lozan, O. (2024). Parental socio-demographic influences on school-aged children’s diets: a comprehensive study in the Republic of Moldova. One Health & Risk Management, 5(2), 25-33. https://doi.org/10.38045/ohrm.2024.2.03
Saavedra, J. M., & Prentice, A. M. (2022). Nutrition in school-age children: a rationale for revisiting priorities. Nutrition Reviews, 81(7), 823-843. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuac089
Sata, M., Yamagishi, K., Sairenchi, T., Ikeda, A., Irie, F., Watanabe, H., Iso, H., Iso, H., & Ota, H. (2019). Long-term effect of feeding snacks at age 6 years on body mass index at ages 12 and 22 years. Scientific Reports, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/S41598-019-40730-3
Siti Khopipah AR. Kilat, B., & Eka Prasetia Hati Baculu. (2024). Connection Habit Snacks and Consumption Food with the Nutritional Status of Children at Elementary School Inpres 08 Mamboro. Media Publikasi Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia (MPPKI), 7(8). https://doi.org/10.56338/mppki.v7i8.5978
Tri Endang Jatmikowati, K. N., Dyah Retno Winarti, Asti Bhawika Adwitiya. (2023). Peran Guru dan Orang Tua dalam Pembiasaan Makan Makanan Sehat pada Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v7i1.3223.
Williamson, V. G., Dilip, A., Dillard, J. R., Morgan-Daniel, J., Lee, A. M., & Cardel, M. I. (2020). The Influence of Socioeconomic Status on Snacking and Weight among Adolescents: A Scoping Review. Nutrients, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12010167.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Monika Yunia Putri Riyanti, Herry Susanto, Indra Tri Astuti (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
