Environmental Quality Assessment Based on Physical-Chemical Parameters and Organic Content of Substrates in the Estuarine Ecosystem of Lhokseumawe City
Kata Kunci:
Estuarine ecology, water quality, organic matter, sediment characteristics, Lhokseumawe.Abstrak
This study evaluates the environmental quality of the Krueng Cunda estuary in Lhokseumawe City by examining spatial variations in physical–chemical parameters and sedimentary organic content across five monitoring stations with distinct hydrodynamic and geomorphological characteristics. Temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and pH were analyzed to characterize the water column, while C-organic and N-total measurements were used to assess substrate conditions that influence benthic habitat suitability. Results show that temperature ranged from 29–34°C and salinity from 15–30 ppt, reflecting a dynamic mixing regime typical of tropical estuaries influenced by tidal intrusion and freshwater discharge. Dissolved oxygen levels remained within 6.4–7.7 mg/L and pH between 7.3–7.9, indicating chemically stable and well-oxygenated waters capable of supporting diverse aquatic organisms. Sediment analysis revealed higher organic accumulation in fine-textured substrates, particularly at stations dominated by sandy-clay compositions, highlighting the strong relationship between grain size and organic retention. Overall, the integrated assessment confirms that the estuary maintains ecological functionality while exhibiting early indicators of environmental pressure that warrant continued monitoring to support sustainable coastal management efforts.
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