Conceptual Exploration of Conservation Strategies for Indonesia’s Endemic Flora and Fauna in Facing Anthropogenic Challenges
Keywords:
Biodiversity Conservation, Endemic Species, Adaptive Governance, Indigenous Knowledge, Anthropogenic Pressures.Abstract
This study conceptually examined conservation strategies for Indonesia’s endemic flora and fauna in response to escalating anthropogenic challenges through a non empirical qualitative approach grounded in integrative literature review methodology. The analysis utilized secondary data derived from peer reviewed international journal articles, policy documents, and interdisciplinary scholarly publications concerning biodiversity conservation, indigenous ecological knowledge, environmental ethics, and adaptive governance. The findings indicated that anthropogenic pressures have intensified ecological vulnerability through habitat transformation, institutional fragmentation, and unsustainable developmental practices affecting endemic biodiversity resilience. The study also revealed that sociocultural dimensions, including indigenous ecological knowledge, environmental narratives, language preservation, and conservation education, significantly influence ecological legitimacy and long term sustainability within biodiversity protection systems. In addition, adaptive governance frameworks emphasizing collaborative management, participatory conservation, decentralized regulation, and biocentric environmental ethics were identified as essential mechanisms for strengthening institutional resilience and conservation effectiveness. The study contributes theoretically by developing an interdisciplinary conceptual framework integrating ecological, sociocultural, and governance dimensions into a comprehensive conservation perspective applicable to biodiversity sustainability strategies in Indonesia and comparable tropical regions.
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