Between State Sovereignty and Investor Certainty: A Critical Analysis of International Arbitration in Foreign Investment Disputes

Authors

  • Marcia Gladys Rumambi Universitas Tarumanagara Author
  • Gunardi Lie Universitas Tarumanagara Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.65310/x3cakw54

Keywords:

International Arbitration, State Sovereignty, Foreign Investment, Legal Certainty, Investment Law.

Abstract

This study examines the normative tension between state sovereignty and investor legal certainty within the framework of international investment arbitration. Employing a doctrinal legal approach, the research analyzes statutory regulations, international legal instruments, and arbitral jurisprudence to assess how legal norms structure the relationship between regulatory authority and investment protection. The findings indicate that arbitration does not eliminate state sovereignty but reconfigures it through legality, proportionality, and good faith standards. Legal certainty for investors is contingent upon compliance with domestic law, while states retain authority to regulate in pursuit of public interests. The study further demonstrates that inconsistencies in regulatory design and institutional capacity intensify disputes and undermine normative balance. Accordingly, a coherent legal framework integrating national legislation, contractual design, and international commitments is required to ensure equilibrium. The research contributes to doctrinal development by proposing a prescriptive model that aligns sovereignty with investor protection in a dynamic legal order while emphasizing the necessity of interpretative coherence, judicial consistency, and regulatory clarity in contemporary investment governance systems globally today.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Akbar, A., & Baharudin, B. (2026). Analisis Yuridis terhadap Kepastian Hukum Penanaman Modal Asing di Indonesia Pasca Pemberlakuan Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja. JURNAL PENELITIAN SERAMBI HUKUM, 19(01), 151-166. https://doi.org/10.59582/sh.v19i01.1406

Aldyan, A., Putri, K. A., & Aldyan, R. A. (2025). Penguatan Penegakan Hukum Bisnis di Indonesia: Analisis Kritis Kapasitas Kelembagaan dan Konsistensi Regulasi dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Bisnis. Judge: Jurnal Hukum, 6(03), 448-457. https://doi.org/10.54209/judge.v6i03.1575

Al-Ghifari, M. G. A., Pungus, G. J., & Modok, J. T. (2025). Kekuatan hukum putusan arbitrase internasional tantangan implementasi di pengadilan Indonesia. Iuris Studia: Jurnal Kajian Hukum, 6(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.55357/is.v6i1.813

Alwan, F. F., & Rahayu, S. A. P. (2025). Tinjauan Yuridis terhadap Efektivitas Arbitrase Internasional dalam Menyelesaikan Sengketa Investasi Asing di Indonesia dan Tantangan Struktural. JOURNAL SAINS STUDENT RESEARCH, 3(3), 128-140. https://doi.org/10.61722/jssr.v3i3.4647

Anwar, A. R. (2023). Bentuk Host Control dan Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Penanaman Modal Asing Pasca Diterbitkannya UU Cipta Kerja di Indonesia. AL-MANHAJ: Jurnal Hukum Dan Pranata Sosial Islam, 5(1), 443-456. https://doi.org/10.37680/almanhaj.v5i1.2290

Baig, K., Soomro, A. S., & Arafat, Y. (2025). An analysis the Arbitration (International Investment Disputes) Act, 2011 with reference to the protection of foreign investors in Pakistan. The Critical Review of Social Sciences Studies, 3(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.59075/b66feb65

Bilateral Investment Treaty between the Government of the Republic of Indonesia and the Government of the United Kingdom. (1976).

Christian, J. P. (2025). Tinjauan kritis sistem penyelesaian sengketa investasi internasional dan dampaknya terhadap kepentingan nasional Indonesia. Judge: Jurnal Hukum, 6(02), 228-243. https://doi.org/10.54209/judge.v6i02.1359

Churchill Mining PLC and Planet Mining Pty Ltd v. Republic of Indonesia. (2016).

Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (New York Convention). (1958).

Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States (ICSID Convention). (1965).

Dolzer, R., & Schreuer, C. (2015). Principles of international investment law. Oxford University Press.

Hartono, A. (2025). Asas Keadilan dalam Perjanjian Investasi Langsung Asing (Direct Foreign Investment) dan Tantangan Harmonisasi Hukum Nasional dengan Ketentuan Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITS). CAUSA: Jurnal Hukum dan Kewarganegaraan, 13(1), 141-150. https://doi.org/10.6679/n9pn4k26

Janisriwati, S. (2024). Penyelesaian sengketa arbitrase internasional di Indonesia melalui pengesahan Konvensi Mediasi Singapura. Jurnal USM Law Review, 7(3), 1419–1430. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.26623/julr.v7i3.8404

Lintang, F. (2025). Tantangan Penyelesaian Sengketa Internasional melalui Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS): Studi terhadap Posisi Indonesia dalam Melindungi Kepentingan Umum. Dialogia Iuridica, 17(2), 106-134. https://doi.org/10.28932/di.v17i2.12166

Mahmud, M. T. E. (2025). Prinsip Kedaulatan Permanen atas Sumber Daya Alam dan Implikasinya terhadap Kewenangan Negara dalam Mengatur Investasi Langsung Asing. Socius: Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial, 3(3), 344-350. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17394390

Mardani. (2024). Teori hukum. Kencana.

Marlianto, D. (2025). Ketidakpastian Hukum Penerapan Pajak Karbon Terhadap Investor Asing di Sektor Energi Non-EBT: Tinjauan dari Perspektif Hukum Investasi (Indonesia, 2021–2025). JIMU: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisipliner, 3(04), 1974-1985. https://doi.org/10.70294/jimu.v3i04.1317

Mulia, A. P. (2025). Dinamika perlindungan hukum terhadap investor asing dalam skema perjanjian investasi bilateral pasca Omnibus Law di Indonesia. Causa: Jurnal Hukum dan Kewarganegaraan, 13(1), 131-140. https://doi.org/10.6679/f37t9x05

Natalita, F., & Widianingsih, W. (2024). Efektivitas arbitrase dalam penyelesaian sengketa bisnis dan implementasi Pasal 11 Ayat (2) UU No. 30 Tahun 1999. Public Sphere, 3(3). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.59818/jps.v3i3.1546

Pertiwi, N. P. A. P., & Widiatedja, I. G. N. P. (2026). Implikasi hukum perjanjian perdagangan internasional terhadap penyelesaian sengketa investasi asing di kawasan ASEAN. Jurnal Media Akademik (JMA), 4(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.62281/kcq36176

Rachman, S. N., Polontoh, H. M., Harefa, J. E., Harefa, A., & Yuliana, T. (2025). Analisis Hukum terhadap Aturan Hukum Penanaman Modal Asing dalam Mendorong Investasi di Indonesia. Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis, 6(4). https://doi.org/10.56370/jhlg.v6i4.1650

Sari, Y. N. (2025). Arbitration dispute resolution mechanism in foreign investment based on international trade law. Jurnal Paradigma Hukum Pembangunan, 10(2). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.25170/paradigma.v10i2.7263

Soeitoe, M. A., Arifin, Z., Sukrisno, W. H., Yuniar, P. H., & Partini, N. N. T. (2026). Adaptabilitas Arbitrase Internasional dalam Sengketa Investasi: Studi Indonesia dan Singapura: The Adaptability of International Arbitration in Investment Disputes: A Comparative Study of Indonesia and Singapore. Journal Juridisch, 4(1), 93-109. https://doi.org/10.26623/jj.v4i1.13406

Sornarajah, M. (2015). The international law on foreign investment. Cambridge University Press.

Syafania, K. A., Rahmadani, O., & Putra, R. S. (2025). Kepastian Hukum Arbitrase Dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Investasi Antara Investor Asing Dan Pemerintah Indonesia. PESHUM: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial dan Humaniora, 5(1), 52-60. https://doi.org/10.56799/peshum.v5i1.12026

Triestanto, J., Sobirin, L. A., Pujiningsih, D., Pohan, Z., & Rasiwan, I. (2026). Perlindungan Hukum Investor Dalam Penanaman Modal Di Indonesia. Jurnal Kolaboratif Sains, 9(2), 2278-2284. https://doi.org/10.56338/jks.v9i2.7348

UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration. (1985, as amended in 2006).

Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2014 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah. (2014). Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2014 Nomor 244.

Undang-Undang Nomor 25 Tahun 2007 tentang Penanaman Modal. (2007). Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2007 Nomor 67.

Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 1999 tentang Arbitrase dan Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa. (1999). Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1999 Nomor 138.

Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2009 tentang Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara. (2009). Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2009 Nomor 4.

UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts. (2016).

William, K., & Syailendra, M. R. (2023). Penyelesaian sengketa investasi asing melalui arbitrase internasional. Journal of Education Research, 4(4), 1982–1990. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37985/jer.v4i4.652

Yanthi, T., & Valerie, O. (2025). Penyelesaian Sengketa Investasi Internasional: Analisis Peran ICSID dalam Menjamin Perlindungan Investor Asing. Jurnal sosial dan sains, 5(2), 204-219. https://doi.org/10.59188/jurnalsosains.v5i2.32031

Published

2026-04-23

How to Cite

Between State Sovereignty and Investor Certainty: A Critical Analysis of International Arbitration in Foreign Investment Disputes. (2026). Journal of Legal, Political, and Humanistic Inquiry, 1(4), 306-317. https://doi.org/10.65310/x3cakw54