Conversion of Agricultural Land for PSN (National Strategic Project) Infrastructure Development: Analysis of Spatial Planning Law and Land Acquisition for the Probowangi Toll Road
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65310/baqybf18Keywords:
Land Conversion, Spatial Planning, Land Procurement, National Strategic Project, Legal Harmonization.Abstract
The construction of the Probolinggo–Banyuwangi Toll Road (Probowangi) as part of Indonesia’s National Strategic Projects (Proyek Strategis Nasional/PSN) reflects a complex interaction between spatial planning law, agricultural land protection, land acquisition regimes, and the doctrine of public interest. This study aims to analyze the implementation of spatial planning law in the Probowangi Toll Road project, examine the legal implications of agricultural land conversion, and assess the juridical justification of public interest within the PSN framework. This research employs normative legal research using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The findings reveal a normative tension between Law No. 26 of 2007 on Spatial Planning, Law No. 41 of 2009 on Sustainable Agricultural Land Protection (LP2B), and Law No. 2 of 2012 on Land Acquisition for Public Interest, particularly concerning the conversion of productive agricultural land. The administrative reinforcement of PSN acceleration through Ministerial Regulation No. 16 of 2025 strengthens central government intervention but potentially reduces regional authority in spatial control. This study argues that regulatory harmonization is essential to ensure that infrastructure development aligns with principles of spatial justice, food security, and protection of land rights.
Downloads
References
Andrizal, A. (2018). Pembayaran ganti rugi tanah jalan tol Pekanbaru–Kandis berdasarkan asas kepentingan umum. Jurnal Hukum Novelty, 9(1), 100. https://doi.org/10.26555/novelty.v9i1.a9121.
Angela, K., & Setyawati, A. (2022). Analisis pelaksanaan pengadaan tanah di atas tanah ulayat masyarakat hukum adat dalam rangka proyek strategi nasional (PSN) demi kepentingan umum. Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis, 3(3), 199. https://doi.org/10.56370/jhlg.v3i3.196.
Budiono, A. (2019). Teori utilitarianisme dan perlindungan hukum lahan pertanian dari alih fungsi. Jurnal Jurisprudence, 9(1), 102. https://doi.org/10.23917/jurisprudence.v9i1.8294.
Christiani, T. A. (2015). Normative and empirical research methods: Their usefulness and relevance in the study of law as an object. GATR Global Journal of Business Social Sciences Review, 3(4), 16–22. https://doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2015.3.4(3).
Dianasari, S. L., Sulistyono, A., & Purwadi, H. (2021). The certainty of return on investment in the toll road concession agreement due to the replacement of land procurement. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 8(8), 249. https://doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v8i8.2903.
Giyarsih, S. R. (2017). Sinergisme spasial dan sinergisme fungsional sebagai bagian penting untuk kerjasama antar daerah di koridor antarkota. https://doi.org/10.31227/osf.io/bpf7k.
Ilyasa, R. M. A. (2020). Prinsip pembangunan infrastruktur yang berlandaskan HAM terhadap eksistensi masyarakat hukum adat di Indonesia. SASI, 26(3), 380. https://doi.org/10.47268/sasi.v26i3.296.
Irawan, B. (2016). Konversi lahan sawah: Potensi dampak, pola pemanfaatannya, dan faktor determinan. Forum Penelitian Agro Ekonomi, 23(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.21082/fae.v23n1.2005.1-18.
Isnaeni, D., & Paramita, P. P. (2023). Ratio legis of land procurement arrangement for toll roads construction toward society 5.0. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 487. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-204-0_42.
Isworo, P. S. O. (2024). Impact of toll road construction on biodiversity: An analysis of flora and fauna in Indonesia. Environment & Ecosystem Science, 8(2), 143–155. https://doi.org/10.26480/ees.02.2024.143.155.
Joesoef, I. E. (2021). Rekonstruksi pencabutan hak atas tanah dan konsinyasi dalam pengadaan tanah untuk kepentingan umum. Masalah-Masalah Hukum, 50(3), 318–330. https://doi.org/10.14710/mmh.50.3.2021.318-330.
Lestari, P. (2020). Pengadaan tanah untuk pembangunan demi kepentingan umum di Indonesia berdasarkan Pancasila. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 1(2), 71. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v1i2.54.
Muhtadi, M., Kurniati, N., Prawira, I., & Somawijaya. (2022). Public interest development in Indonesia: Considerations regarding land acquisition and its impact on the environment. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 17(8), 2585. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.170827.
Pitaloka, E. D. A. (2020). Kebijakan perlindungan lahan pertanian pangan berkelanjutan dalam dimensi politik hukum penataan ruang. Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan, 8(1), 49. https://doi.org/10.29303/ius.v8i1.718.
Priyanta, M., & Zulkarnain, C. S. A. (2023). Sustainable infrastructure legal policy in Indonesia: A national strategic project approach for national development. Sriwijaya Law Review, 7(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.28946/slrev.vol7.iss1.1108.pp1-18.
Rendrajaya, K. A. B. (2018). Pengaturan hak milik atas tanah yang dialihkan untuk kepentingan umum perspektif perlindungan pemilik. Kertha Patrika, 40(1), 37. https://doi.org/10.24843/kp.2018.v40.i01.p04.
Riyanti, D. A., Ramadhani, M., & Fitriyah, L. (2022). Akibat hukum implementasi Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 terhadap alih fungsi lahan pertanian untuk pembangunan infrastruktur. Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis, 3(9), 739. https://doi.org/10.56370/jhlg.v3i9.309.
Santoso, U. (2017). Eksistensi berlakunya pencabutan hak atas tanah setelah berlakunya Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2012. Perspektif, 22(1), 41. https://doi.org/10.30742/perspektif.v22i1.608.
Saputra, R. A., Tisnanta, H., Sumarja, F., & Triono, A. (2022). Agricultural land conversion for housing development and sustainable food agricultural land. Technium Social Sciences Journal, 37, 216. https://doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v37i1.7600.
Sartika, R. C., Purwaningsih, Y., Gravitiani, E., & Nitiyasa, P. (2023). The role of stakeholders in achieving sustainable agriculture: A case study in Sragen Regency, Indonesia. Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, 22(4), 2181. https://doi.org/10.46488/nept.2023.v22i04.044.
Subekti, R., & Budyatmojo, W. (2015). Perlindungan lahan pertanian dalam mengantisipasi alih fungsi tanah akibat pengadaan tanah bagi pembangunan. Yustisia Jurnal Hukum, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.20961/yustisia.v4i2.8662.
Sumarja, F., Rifai, E., Tisnanta, T., & Saputra, R. A. (2021). Problematika perlindungan lahan pertanian berkelanjutan pasca Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja. SASI, 27(4), 492. https://doi.org/10.47268/sasi.v27i4.562.
Wahanisa, R., Hidayat, A., Riyanto, R. B., & Anggono, B. D. (2021). Problems of disputes/conflicts over land acquisition towards development for public interest in Indonesia. International Journal of Criminology and Sociology, 10, 320. https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2021.10.39.
