Legal Protection for Auction Buyers Against the Transfer of Auctioned Objects to Third Parties (Study of Supreme Court Decision Number 866 K/Pdt/2020)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65310/1eemjm42Keywords:
Auction Buyer, Legal Protection, Mortgage Right, Transfer of Auctioned Object, Unlawful Act.Abstract
Mortgage-right execution auctions provide creditors with a legal mechanism to recover secured debts through the public sale of collateral while creating enforceable rights for successful bidders. This study analyzes the legal protection available to a lawful and good-faith auction buyer when the former owner subsequently transfers the auctioned object to third parties, and examines the validity and legal consequences of those transactions in Supreme Court Decision Number 866 K/Pdt/2020. The research employs a normative legal design using statutory and case approaches, with qualitative analysis of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The findings show that auction buyers receive preventive protection through regulated auction procedures, verification of legal documents, institutional responsibility for the auction object, and issuance of the Minutes of Auction as evidence of acquisition. Repressive protection is provided through judicial mechanisms that recognize the buyer’s prior rights, invalidate subsequent transfers lacking authority, correct conflicting land-registration records, and restore possession of the property. The transactions involving Mr. C, Mr. J, and Mr. H were legally defective because formal compliance could not cure the absence of material authority to transfer the object. Effective protection therefore requires consistency between auction validity, land registration, effective judicial enforcement, and actual control of the property.
Downloads
References
Arba, H. M. (2018). Hukum agraria Indonesia. Sinar Grafika.
Burjanadze, E. (2026). Foreclosure auctions: Legal consequences and the continuity of rights in comparative perspective. Law and World, 12(39), 64–79. https://doi.org/10.36475/12.3.4
Candra, P., Dhaniarto, A. Y., & Indrawati, Y. (2022). Perlindungan hukum pembeli lelang atas perbuatan melawan hukum oleh pemilik objek lelang pada Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 866 K/Pdt/2020. Indonesian Notary, 4(1). https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/notary/vol4/iss1/9
Darmini, N. (2023). Tanggung jawab notaris dalam kewenangannya melakukan legalisasi perjanjian di bawah tangan. Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana (Udayana Master Law Journal), 12(4), 902–921. https://doi.org/10.24843/JMHU.2023.v12.i04.p11
Friedrich, C. J. (2014). Filsafat hukum perspektif historis. Nuansa.
Fuady, M. (2017). Perbuatan melawan hukum. Citra Aditya Bakti.
Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 concerning Land Registration (Indonesia).
Gumilang, S. L., Mayana, R. F., & Cahyadini, A. (2024). Legal protection for auction buyers who are disadvantaged regarding the validity of the auction deed attended by online auction officials (E-Auction). Legal Brief, 13(2), 305–316. https://doi.org/10.35335/legal.v13i2.970
Hadjon, P. M. (1987). Perlindungan hukum bagi rakyat Indonesia. Bina Ilmu.
Harsono, B. (2008). Hukum agraria Indonesia: Sejarah pembentukan Undang-Undang Pokok Agraria, isi dan pelaksanaannya. Djambatan.
Ishaq. (2017). Metode penelitian hukum: Penulisan skripsi, tesis, serta disertasi (2nd ed.). Alfabeta.
Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata (Burgerlijk Wetboek).
Kurniawan, F., Nugraha, X., Noventri, A. C., & Maajid, Q. N. (2021). Auction winner as a new criteria in the concept of good faith buyer in Indonesia. Jambe Law Journal, 4(2), 171–199. https://doi.org/10.22437/jlj.4.2.171-190
Law Number 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Agrarian Principles (Indonesia).
Mahmud, P. M. (2008). Penelitian hukum (4th ed.). Kencana.
Mertokusumo, S. (2007). Mengenal hukum: Suatu pengantar. Liberty.
Mertokusumo, S. (2019). Hukum acara perdata Indonesia. Liberty.
Metro District Court Decision Number 7/Pdt.G/2018/PN Met.
Minister of Finance Regulation Number 122/PMK.06/2023 concerning Auction Implementation Guidelines (Indonesia).
Minister of Finance Regulation Number 213/PMK.06/2020 concerning Auction Implementation Guidelines (Indonesia).
Minister of Finance Regulation Number 94/PMK.06/2019 concerning Class I Auction Officers (Indonesia).
Nathanael, M., & Djaja, B. (2023). Akibat hukum dari perjanjian yang dibuat dengan tanggal mundur (back date). UNES Law Review, 6(1), 2869–2884. https://doi.org/10.31933/unesrev.v6i1.1087
Ningsih, A. S., Nion, N. B., Prananingtyas, P., & Wardhani, H. P. (2025). Re-evaluation of creditor protection in mortgage enforcement: The legal perspectives of the auction enforcement of mortgage objects under Indonesian law. Masalah-Masalah Hukum, 54(3), 446–461. https://doi.org/10.14710/mmh.54.3.2025.446-461
Octafiani, D., Marchela, P. F., Imaniffatillah, I. R. K., Fathurohman, D. T., & Andri, G. Y. (2025). Legal certainty for auction winners regarding the execution of the object of the dependent rights. Interdisciplinary Social Studies, 4(3), 463–469. https://doi.org/10.55324/iss.v4i3.829
Rahardjo, S. (2014). Ilmu hukum. Citra Aditya Bakti.
Rini, T., Paserangi, H., Deviany, O., Maskun, M., & Ratnawati, R. (2024). Maintaining legal certainty in Indonesia: The role of legal instruments in protecting auction buyer. Al-Ahkam, 34(2), 393–418. https://doi.org/10.21580/ahkam.2024.34.2.22531
Salim, H. S. (2016). Teknik pembuatan akta Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah (PPAT). RajaGrafindo Persada.
Santoso, U. (2019). Pendaftaran dan peralihan hak atas tanah. Kencana.
Sianturi, P. T. (2013). Perlindungan hukum terhadap pembeli barang jaminan tidak bergerak melalui lelang. Mandar Maju.
Sidariba, B. (2019). Lelang eksekusi hak tanggungan meniscayakan perlindungan hukum bagi para pihak. Papas Sinar Sinanti.
Sihombing, I. E. (2017). Segi-segi hukum tanah nasional dalam pengadaan tanah untuk pembangunan (3rd ed.). Universitas Trisakti Press.
Sjahdeini, S. R. (2013). Kebebasan berkontrak dan perlindungan yang seimbang bagi para pihak dalam perjanjian kredit bank di Indonesia. Institut Bankir Indonesia.
Sudiarto. (2020). Pengantar hukum lelang Indonesia. Prenadamedia Group.
Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia Decision Number 866 K/Pdt/2020.
Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia Judicial Review Decision Number 420 PK/Pdt/2015.
Tanjungkarang High Court Decision Number 50/PDT/2019/PT TJK.
Verri, O. (2025). Legal protection for auction winners against debtor lawsuits according to Law Number 4 of 1996 concerning Mortgage Rights. FOCUS, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.37010/fcs.v6i2.2026
Wardani, K., & Nurrachman, A. D. (2026). Objective good faith and mortgage executory power in Indonesian auction law (Study of Decision Number 43/Pdt.G/Plw/2020/PN Srh). Academia Open, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.21070/acopen.11.2026.12916
