Desain dan Pembuatan Tungku Peleburan Logam Berbahan Bakar Gas Menggunakan Teknik Las Busur Logam Terlindung (SMAW) untuk Aplikasi Pengecoran Skala Kecil
Kata Kunci:
Peralatan pemanas berbahan bakar gas, pabrik pengecoran skala kecil, fabrikasi SMAW, efisiensi energi, pembakaran yang lebih bersihAbstrak
Penelitian ini memaparkan desain, pembuatan, dan evaluasi kinerja tungku peleburan logam berbahan bakar gas yang dikembangkan menggunakan teknik Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) untuk bengkel pengecoran skala kecil. Tujuan utama adalah menciptakan alternatif yang efisien energi dan ramah lingkungan dibandingkan dengan tungku berbahan bakar padat konvensional yang umum digunakan di bengkel industri mikro. Pembuatan tungku ini menggunakan baja karbon rendah dan bahan tahan api yang tersedia secara lokal untuk memastikan biaya produksi rendah dan aksesibilitas. Uji coba eksperimental menggunakan aluminium menunjukkan bahwa prototipe mencapai suhu peleburan inti di atas 900 °C dan rasio gas-ke-logam rata-rata 0,35 kg/kg, dengan potensi optimasi hingga 0,25 kg/kg. Tungku menunjukkan efisiensi termal sekitar 22%, melebihi desain konvensional sebesar 4%. Pembakaran yang lebih bersih mengurangi emisi CO₂ sebesar 267 kg per ton logam cair, sementara uji metallurgi menunjukkan pengurangan ukuran inklusi sebesar 38% dan peningkatan keseragaman pengecoran. Hasil ini membuktikan bahwa fabrikasi berbasis SMAW dapat menghasilkan tungku yang secara struktural andal, efisien biaya, dan hemat energi, cocok untuk industri logam skala komunitas. Studi ini mendukung praktik industri berkelanjutan dengan mempromosikan kemampuan manufaktur lokal dan sejalan dengan tujuan transisi energi.
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Hak Cipta (c) 2025 Wisnu Murti, Sriyanto (Author)
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