Analisis Mutu dan Kinerja Bangunan Penahan Ombak di Kawasan Pantai Panjang Provinsi Bengkulu

Abstrak

Pantai Panjang in Bengkulu Province is a strategic coastal area that supports tourism, local economic activities, and environmental protection but is highly vulnerable to wave attack and coastal erosion due to its direct exposure to the Indian Ocean. This study aims to evaluate the construction quality and performance of rubble mound breakwaters in reducing wave energy and controlling shoreline erosion. An empirical descriptive approach was employed through field observations, measurements at six observation points, drone documentation, interviews, and secondary data analysis. Construction quality was assessed based on material suitability, structural geometry, and damage level, while performance evaluation focused on wave attenuation, abrasion reduction, and overtopping occurrence. The results indicate that most breakwater segments remain in good condition, with an average wave transmission coefficient of 0.32 and approximately 63% reduction in shoreline erosion. Lower performance was identified at locations with inadequate material dimensions and reduced crest elevation. The findings emphasize the importance of regular maintenance and periodic performance evaluation to sustain the long-term effectiveness of coastal protection structures.