Journal of Engineering and Applied Technology
Scripta Technica: Journal of Engineering and Applied Technology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that focuses on the dissemination of high-quality research in the fields of engineering and applied technology. It serves as an open platform for researchers, engineers, practitioners, and academics to publish innovative studies, technical developments, and theoretical contributions that address real-world engineering problems and technological advancement.
Analysis of Modified Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course (AC-WC) with the Addition of Wood Ash and Styrofoam Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) for Road Pavement
This laboratory-based quantitative experimental study evaluated the performance of Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course (AC-WC) modified with wood ash as filler and Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) styrofoam as asphalt additive. The research verified the base binder through penetration testing, yielding an average penetration value of 69.4, confirming the use of 60/70 penetration grade asphalt. Asphalt content was validated using extraction testing, resulting in an average binder content of 5.80%, ensuring consistency between design and actual mixture composition. Marshall testing was conducted to assess mechanical and volumetric characteristics, including stability, flow, Marshall Quotient (MQ), VMA, VIM, and VFB. The results demonstrated that EPS dosage significantly influenced volumetric balance and load resistance within the mixture. Among the evaluated combinations using 4% wood ash and EPS levels of 0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%, the optimum performance was achieved at 1.5% EPS, which satisfied key Bina Marga 2018 Revision 2 requirements for VIM, VMA, VFB, stability, and flow. However, MQ values remained below specification for all mixtures, indicating limitations in stiffness–deformation ratio and the need for further optimization and durability testing.
AC-WC, Wood Ash, EPS Styrofoam, Marshall Test, Asphalt Modification.
Copyright (c) 2025 Pradita Setya Ningtyias, Siti Fatimah, Rachmat Mudiyono (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
AC-WC Analysis Using a Mixture of Shell Waste and Waste Glass as Additives for Road Pavement
This study evaluates the performance of Asphalt Concrete-Wearing Course (AC-WC) mixtures incorporating shell waste and waste glass as additives for sustainable pavement applications. The optimum asphalt content was determined at 5.8% using the Marshall method, producing balanced volumetric and mechanical properties that satisfy heavy traffic specifications. Waste glass addition without shell waste increased mixture stiffness but did not consistently achieve optimal stability due to volumetric imbalance. A synergistic effect was observed when shell waste and waste glass were combined. The mixture containing 5% shell waste and 5% waste glass demonstrated the most favorable performance, characterized by higher stability, proportional Marshall Quotient, controlled air void distribution, and improved structural integrity. Increasing shell waste content to 7.5% and 10% did not enhance performance and tended to reduce volumetric balance. Economic evaluation indicates a material cost reduction of approximately 1.72% per kilometer compared to conventional mixtures, without compromising mechanical performance. The findings confirm that the optimal incorporation of shell waste and waste glass is technically feasible and economically beneficial for sustainable AC-WC pavement construction.
AC-WC, Shell Waste, Waste Glass, Marshall Stability, Sustainable Pavement
Copyright (c) 2025 Nur Rahman, Singgih Aji Saputra, Rachmat Mudiyono (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Designing a Real-Time Internet of Things (IoT)-Based Home Safe Security Monitoring System via Telegram Bot
This study presents the design and development of a real-time IoT-based monitoring security system for home safes integrated with Telegram Bot notifications. The proposed system employs NodeMCU ESP8266 as the main controller, combined with an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor for motion detection and an MPU-6500 vibration sensor for shock recognition. When suspicious movement or abnormal vibration is detected, the system activates a local buzzer alarm and triggers an automatic solenoid door lock mechanism through a relay module. Simultaneously, warning messages are transmitted instantly to users via Telegram Bot and displayed on a web-based monitoring dashboard. Experimental evaluation indicates that the ultrasonic sensor achieved an average measurement error of ±1.6 cm, while vibration detection responded within 0.2–0.5 seconds. The solenoid locking mechanism demonstrated 100% success across all test scenarios. Telegram notifications were delivered with an average latency of 1.33 seconds, depending on network quality. The optimization stage improved detection stability, reduced false alarms, and enhanced system reliability. Overall, the developed prototype offers an effective and low-cost smart security solution for domestic safe protection.
IoT security system, home safe monitoring, Telegram Bot notification, NodeMCU ESP8266, smart lock automation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yesaya IXVois Hendrikus Sereh, Mizanul Achlaq, Agung Widodo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Implementation of E-Procurement within the Procurement Service Unit (UKPBJ) of the Directorate General of Corrections in Lampung
This study examines the empirical implementation of e-procurement within the Procurement Service Unit (UKPBJ) of the Directorate General of Corrections in Lampung, focusing on accountability, effectiveness, and transparency outcomes. Utilizing a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, non-participant observation, and document analysis, while analytical validation employed triangulation and the interactive model of data reduction, display, and iterative conclusion verification. Findings indicate that digital systems such as SPSE, e-catalogue, and INAPROC have substantially improved traceability and procedural order in procurement activities, enabling more efficient supplier selection, contract management, and monitoring of procurement stages. Nevertheless, optimal outcomes are hindered by infrastructure disparities, limited human resource competencies, and inconsistent managerial support, which constrain uniform adoption and system utilization. Regulatory support and policy clarity significantly influence implementation success, while leadership and capacity-building emerge as pivotal enablers. The study contributes to e-procurement literature by empirically validating socio-technical determinants of digital procurement performance, highlighting the need for coordinated interventions in technological readiness, institutional governance, and personnel development to fully realize transparency, accountability, and efficiency objectives in public sector procurement
Digital Education Policy, E-Rapor, Policy Implementation, Educational Digitalization, Rural Schools.
Copyright (c) 2025 Vike Youdit, Intan Fitri Meutia, Dian Kagungan, Noverman Duadji (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementing Digital Education Policy through e-Rapor in Rural Indonesian High Schools: A Case Study of SMAN 1 Abung Tinggi
This study examines the implementation of Indonesia’s digital education policy through the e-Rapor system in a rural public high school, SMAN 1 Abung Tinggi, using a qualitative descriptive case study approach. Drawing on in-depth interviews, non-participant observations, and document analysis, the research analyzes e-Rapor as a socio-technical instrument embedded in organizational routines rather than as a standalone technological application. The findings show that e-Rapor improves administrative efficiency, data integration, and reporting accountability, while simultaneously reshaping assessment practices, professional roles, and internal coordination mechanisms. Implementation outcomes are strongly mediated by human resource capacity, leadership practices, infrastructural constraints, and informal adaptive arrangements developed at the school level. Digital literacy gaps and unstable connectivity remain persistent challenges, yet peer collaboration and managerial support enable functional policy adaptation. The study demonstrates that digital policy effectiveness in rural contexts emerges from institutional mediation and organizational learning, not from technological deployment alone. Theoretically, the research contributes to policy implementation and digital governance by highlighting adaptive compliance, while methodologically it demonstrates qualitative inquiry for capturing contextualized dynamics.
Digital Education Policy, e-Rapor, Policy Implementation, Educational Digitalization, Rural Schools.
Copyright (c) 2025 Aghisna Amalia Putri, Intan Fitri Meutia, Dedy Hermawan, Bambang Utoyo S (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementation of Disaster Response System using Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment Method
Disaster mitigation is a process that must be done so that the victim could be helped as soon as possible. This study aims to create a system of triage to provide information services quickly, efficiently, and effectively in disaster management. Methods This study focuses how to make triage information system, where victims disaster will grouped based on priorities through the triage process by using algorithms Siple Triage and Rapid Treatment (START) system thus built can be used by people who are not medical team. These results indicate that the system will provide the decision through the triage results to categorize by color. Victims are labeled red are critical and require the victim to the hospital treatment, the victim was a yellow label, green label handling of victims that can be postponed, while the black label indicates the patient is dead, the result would facilitate triage medical team in conducting further treatment. It can be concluded that the disaster triage information system can provide convenience in handling the victims based on the level of emergency.
Disaster Response System, START Triage, Android Application, Victim Classification, Health Technology.
Copyright (c) 2025 Roby Stevi Lumbu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Explainable AI (XAI) Analysis Using SHAP for Credit Card Fraud
The increased use of credit cards in digital payment systems has also increased the risk of transaction fraud, which has led to financial losses and a decline in user confidence. Various machine learning approaches have been developed to automatically detect fraud, but most high-performance models are black-box in nature, making them difficult to explain and unsupportive of auditing and decision-making processes. This study aims to analyze the application of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) using the SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) method in credit card fraud detection systems. An imbalanced credit card transaction dataset was used as experimental data, with two classification models, namely Logistic Regression as a baseline and Random Forest as an ensemble model. Performance evaluation was conducted using Precision, Recall, F1-score, and Average Precision (PR-AUC) metrics, which are more suitable for imbalanced data cases. The experimental results show that the Random Forest model performs better than Logistic Regression, especially in terms of Precision, F1-Score, and PR-AUC metrics. Explainability analysis using SHAP was performed to obtain global and local explanations for the model's decisions. Global explanations successfully identified the dominant features that influence fraud predictions, while local explanations provided an overview of the contribution of individual features to specific fraud transactions. The results of this study show that the application of SHAP can improve the transparency and clarity of fraud detection model decisions without sacrificing prediction performance, thereby potentially supporting the development of a more reliable and easily audited fraud detection system.
Fraud detection , Explainable AI, SHAP, Credit card, Machine learning.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yanuangga Galahartlambang, Titik Khotiah, Ilham Basri K, Masrur Anwar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementation of WordPress Based on Virtual Machines on the Linux Operating System
The development of information technology has increased the demand for content management systems that are easy to use and flexible for website management. WordPress is widely used as a platform for building informational websites. This study aims to implement WordPress on a Linux operating system based on a Virtual Machine as a medium for website development and testing. The research methods include system design, virtual network configuration, installation of the web server and database server, and system functionality testing. The implementation is carried out using a Linux server environment with Apache as the web server and MySQL as the database server. The results show that WordPress can be successfully installed and run in a virtual environment and accessed through a local network using an IP address and a local domain. This implementation demonstrates that Virtual Machine technology is an effective and efficient solution for WordPress-based website development without requiring a physical server.
WordPress, Virtual Machine, Linux Operating System, Web Server, Database Server.
Copyright (c) 2025 Princess An-Najwa Amin, Aida Nurul Fitri, Fauzi Abdul Rohim, Muhammad Fikri (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Application System for Food Aid Distribution Using the PGC (Pos Giro Cash) Application
PT Pos Indonesia (Persero) is a state-owned enterprise engaged in services, particularly communication and delivery services, as well as financial services through post offices. As a state-owned enterprise, PT Pos Indonesia is committed to maintaining public trust and providing optimal services to the government and the community. Post offices serve as a means for various transactions, such as sending letters and packages, paying bills, withdrawing money, and selling stamps. In supporting the distribution of social assistance, PT Pos Indonesia has developed the Pos Giro Cash application, which is used to document the homes of beneficiary families (KPM) of the Sembako Program. This application aims to minimize the risk of misdirected assistance by collecting and managing recipient data accurately. Social assistance is a form of government spending provided in the form of money, goods, or services to protect the community from social risks and improve welfare. One form of social assistance is food assistance, which aims to ensure that the community has access to sufficient and nutritious food. This application system was developed as a set of integrated elements to achieve the goal of targeted and effective assistance distribution.
Application, PGC (Pos Giro Cash), Social Assistance, Food Assistance, System
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohammad Rachel (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Steel Structure Design for a Five-Story Cooperative Office Building: Strength and Earthquake Resistance Analysis Based on SNI 1726 and SNI 1729
This study examines the structural planning of a five-story cooperative office building using a steel structural system, with emphasis on strength performance and seismic resistance in accordance with SNI 1726 and SNI 1729. The research adopts a quantitative structural engineering approach through three-dimensional modeling and dynamic analysis using the response spectrum method. Seismic parameters were determined based on site location, soil classification, and building risk category, and then used to develop the design response spectrum. Structural performance was evaluated by comparing internal forces on beams and columns with the nominal capacities of steel members under combined gravity and seismic loading. The analysis confirms that all structural elements satisfy strength requirements and comply with the strong column–weak beam concept, ensuring adequate ductility. Global structural behavior was assessed through inter-story drift, base shear distribution, and deformation patterns, all of which remain within allowable limits. The results indicate that the planned steel structural system provides sufficient stiffness, stability, and seismic resistance for medium-rise office buildings in seismic regions.
steel structure, seismic design, response spectrum analysis, SNI 1726, SNI 1729.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rheznandya Marel, Farrel Al Fasha Saputra, Amin Wakhid, Eko Rudi Utomo, Nor Hidayati (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementation of Waste Management Information System at the Environmental Agency of Tegal City
This study aims to evaluate and implement a waste management information system at the Tegal City Environment Agency to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of waste data management. The study was conducted through two months of fieldwork, focusing on the development of a web-based system using PHP, MySQL, and Visual Studio Code. This system includes user registration, login authentication, waste bank transaction data processing, and an administrative dashboard display. The implementation results show that this information system is capable of speeding up the recording process, reducing input errors, and increasing the transparency and accuracy of waste management data. In addition, this system also facilitates interaction between the community and the managing agency through easy access and real-time data presentation. The significance of this research lies in its contribution to supporting cleaner, more efficient, and sustainable environmental management, while also serving as the basis for the development of more modern waste management information systems in the future.
Information System, Waste Management, Environmental Agency, Waste Bank, Data Efficiency.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dicky Lintang Prasetyo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Website Optimization for the Indonesian Red Cross in Tegal City in Supporting Blood Donation and Donations
The website of Palang Merah Indonesia (PMI) Kota Tegal plays a strategic role in facilitating blood donation and supporting various humanitarian programs. This study aims to analyze the optimization of the PMI Kota Tegal website in enhancing public participation in blood donation and donations through digital platforms. A qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach was employed, incorporating observations, interviews, and documentation. Website development utilized WordPress with Elementor plugins to ensure user-friendly interfaces and interactive features. Findings indicate that while the website effectively provides essential information such as donor schedules, procedures, and donation options, further optimization is needed in content interactivity, accessibility across devices, and integration with social media. Interactive features, digital forms, and clear navigation significantly influence user engagement and satisfaction. The study highlights the importance of combining digital strategies with transparency and accountability to strengthen community trust and participation. Recommendations include regular content updates, incorporation of multimedia elements, and enhancement of online donor management features to maximize the website’s role as a communication and mobilization tool.
PMI Kota Tegal, Website Optimization, Blood Donation, Digital Engagement, Humanitarian Services.
Copyright (c) 2025 Chairul Tri Mardiansyah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Noise Root Causes on Vehicle Instrument Panels (Dashboards) Using the Why-Why Analysis and Fishbone Diagram Approaches
Noise issues in vehicle instrument panels remain a critical challenge in automotive interior quality, particularly in the form of rattle and squeak phenomena that affect customer perception and product reliability. This study examines the root causes of instrument panel noise through an integrated application of Why-Why Analysis and Fishbone Diagram. The research is based on an in-depth analysis of documented manufacturing practices, dimensional variability, material behavior, and assembly conditions commonly encountered in automotive production. The findings indicate that noise generation is primarily driven by inconsistent dimensional gaps resulting from process variability rather than design deficiencies alone. Why-Why Analysis reveals that inadequate fixture maintenance, inconsistent adherence to standard operating procedures, and limited sensitivity in quality control systems represent the most dominant root causes. The Fishbone Diagram further demonstrates how human factors, equipment condition, material characteristics, measurement limitations, assembly methods, and environmental conditions interact to amplify noise risks. By combining both analytical approaches, the study provides a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms behind instrument panel noise and highlights the importance of holistic process control and continuous improvement strategies to achieve sustainable NVH performance.
instrument panel noise, Why-Why analysis, fishbone diagram, automotive NVH, quality improvement.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sifha Awaludin, Muh Amirudin, Yudi Prastyo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The 5S Method as an Effort to Maintain Work Safety and Product Quality at PT. TS
This study aims to analyze the implementation of the 5S method as an effort to improve occupational safety and maintain product quality at PT. TS. A qualitative descriptive approach was applied through direct observation, interviews, and evaluation using a 5S checklist to assess changes before and after implementation. The results indicate that the application of Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Seiketsu, and Shitsuke significantly improved workplace organization, cleanliness, and operational discipline. These improvements contributed to reduced safety risks, more efficient work processes, and better control of product quality. Behavioral analysis revealed a positive shift in employee attitudes, reflected in increased awareness, discipline, and initiative in maintaining the work environment. Furthermore, the evaluation of effectiveness showed that consistent standardization and management support played a crucial role in sustaining the implementation of 5S. Overall, the study confirms that the 5S method is not merely a housekeeping tool but a strategic foundation for developing a safe, efficient, and quality-oriented work culture in manufacturing industries
5S method, occupational safety, product quality, work culture, manufacturing industry
Copyright (c) 2025 Ardian rahmaditian, Tarsidi,Yudi prastyo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Python-Based Google Colab Application in Implementing Tree Theory with the Random Forest Classifier Algorithm
This study examines the application of Python-based Google Colab in implementing tree theory through the Random Forest Classifier algorithm for income classification in data science, artificial intelligence, and machine learning professions. The research adopts an experimental quantitative approach using secondary data sourced from a global employment dataset. The methodological process includes data preprocessing, feature selection, class balancing, model training, and performance evaluation within the Google Colab environment. The results demonstrate that Random Forest effectively represents tree theory through ensemble decision structures capable of handling complex and heterogeneous data. Model evaluation indicates a satisfactory level of accuracy, confirming the classifier’s ability to generalize patterns across different income categories. Feature importance analysis reveals that job title, experience level, and company location play a significant role in determining income classification. These findings highlight the relevance of Random Forest as both a predictive and interpretative model, while emphasizing Google Colab’s effectiveness as a computational platform for machine learning experimentation. Overall, the study contributes to the practical understanding of tree-based algorithms and their application in analyzing labor market dynamics within the digital economy.
Random Forest, Tree Theory, Machine Learning, Google Colab, Income Classification
Copyright (c) 2025 Dede Prabowo Wiguna, Lisda Juliana pangaribuan, Sakaria Efrata Ginting (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Identification of Factors and Models for the Development of Integrated Tourism Infrastructure in Bengkulu Province
The tourism sector is one of the key drivers in boosting economic growth and community welfare. Although its contribution to Indonesia's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is still relatively small, the potential of national tourism continues to show positive development, mainly supported by advances in technology, transportation, and telecommunications that facilitate mobility and access to tourism information. Globally, Indonesia's tourism competitiveness has increased significantly, as reflected in the rise in the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index by the World Economic Forum, particularly in terms of transportation infrastructure and tourism services. However, this improvement has not been evenly distributed across all regions. Foreign tourists are still focused on certain destinations such as Bali, Riau Islands, and DKI Jakarta, while several other provinces have not been able to attract tourists optimally. The province of Bengkulu, for example, shows a fluctuating trend with a downward trend in the number of foreign tourist visits and is recorded as one of the regions with the lowest number of visits in Indonesia. This condition indicates an imbalance in tourism development between regions and the need for more effective and integrated strategies to encourage increased regional tourism attractiveness and competitiveness.
Integrated Infrastructure, Tourism Competitiveness, Regional Tourism, Regional Development, Bengkulu.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rezi Munizar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Factors Affecting User Acceptance of Fintech Applications Using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2
The massive digital transformation in Indonesia's banking sector has created fierce competition among financial service providers, making it crucial to understand the psychological determinants of technology adoption. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence behavioral intention and use behavior in one of Indonesia's leading digital banking applications by adopting the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) framework. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected from 300 active users and analyzed using multiple linear regression to test the hypotheses between variables. The results show that all independent variables in the UTAUT2 model contribute positively and significantly to behavioral intention, with hedonic motivation and perceived value identified as the most dominant determinants, indicating that users now prioritize aspects of enjoyment and economic benefits over mere technical functionality. Furthermore, analysis of actual usage behavior shows that habit and behavioral intention are the main predictors, while facilitating conditions are not proven to have a significant direct impact
Fintech, UTAUT2, Consumer Behavior, Digital Banking, Technology Adoption
Copyright (c) 2025 Bernadine Zidane Maheswara, Nindita Aprilia, Wahyu Febryana Sari, Samso Supriyatna (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Socialization of Employee Attendance System Prototype Design Using the Prototyping Method at the South Sumatra Provincial Archives Office
This study aims to design a prototype of a digital-based employee attendance system using the Prototyping method at the South Sumatra Provincial Archives Office as an effort to improve the accuracy, efficiency, and transparency of attendance administration. The background of this study is based on the problems of manual attendance, which is prone to recording errors, data manipulation, and requires a long time in the report recapitulation process. The research method used is applied with stages of gathering requirements through observation and mockup interface design, prototype development, and functional testing using Black Box Testing. The results show that the designed attendance system prototype is capable of performing its main functions optimally, particularly in the geolocation validation feature to ensure that employees are present within the office radius, the prevention of double attendance, and the automation of attendance data recording. The discussion confirms that the application of the Prototyping method facilitates the adjustment of the system to user requirements from the early stages of development. In conclusion, the resulting attendance system prototype is considered feasible as the basis for developing the final system to support more effective and accountable personnel management.
Attendance System, Prototyping Method, Digitization, Archives Office, User Interface
Copyright (c) 2025 Derta Octara, Andri Andri (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Vernacular Islamic Architecture as a Manifestation of Social and Spiritual Sustainability in Local Muslim Communities
Vernacular Islamic architecture represents the connection between Islamic values and local wisdom that developed in the social and cultural context of Muslim communities. This study aims to examine vernacular Islamic architecture as a form of social and spiritual sustainability of local Muslim communities through a conceptual approach. The research method used is non-empirical qualitative with a critical literature review of scientific sources in the form of reputable journals, dissertations, and academic publications relevant to Islamic architecture, vernacularity, and sustainability. The results of the study show that vernacular Islamic architecture not only functions as a space for worship, but also as a medium for collective identity formation, strengthening social relations, and internalizing spiritual values in everyday life. The discussion reveals that sustainability in vernacular Islamic architecture is holistic because it encompasses social, spiritual, cultural, and ecological dimensions that are integrated into community spatial practices. The conclusion of this study affirms that vernacular Islamic architecture has a strategic role in maintaining the continuity of values and the life of local Muslim communities amid the dynamics of social change and modernization..
Vernacular Islamic Architecture, Social Sustainability, Spiritual Sustainability, Local Wisdom, Local Muslim Communities.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohamad Alfian Nur Aziz, Imam Kharomen (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Colonial Architecture in Madiun City: Analysis of Style, Building Systems, and Tropical Adaptation from the Indische Empire to Nieuwe Bouwen
Colonial architecture in Madiun City reflects a complex interaction between political power, technological development, and environmental adaptation during the Dutch colonial period. As an administrative center of the Madiun Residency, the city experienced architectural transformation from the monumental Indische Empire style to the more rational and functional Nieuwe Bouwen approach. This study examines architectural styles, building systems, and tropical adaptation strategies embedded in colonial buildings in Madiun. The findings indicate that early colonial architecture emphasized symmetry, massive walls, and classical proportions, while later developments adopted reinforced concrete structures and simplified forms. Despite technological modernization, colonial buildings consistently integrated passive design strategies, including wide verandas, high ceilings, large openings, and strategic orientation to optimize ventilation and thermal comfort. The use of local materials combined with European construction techniques demonstrates a pragmatic response to tropical climate conditions. These architectural characteristics position colonial buildings in Madiun as valuable historical artifacts and as relevant references for contemporary tropical architecture. Understanding their design principles contributes to heritage conservation efforts and offers insights into sustainable architectural practices rooted in historical experience.
colonial architecture, Madiun City, Indische Empire, Nieuwe Bouwen, tropical adaptation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Uswatun Hasanah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Meaning of Yogyakarta's Imaginary Axis in the Perspective of Landscape Architecture
The Imaginary Axis of Yogyakarta is a conceptual line that connects Mount Merapi, the Yogyakarta Palace, and the Southern Sea, which carries philosophical, cultural, and ecological values in shaping the urban space. This study aims to examine the meaning of the imaginary axis from the perspective of landscape architecture, focusing on the relationship between natural elements, urban spatial planning, and Javanese cultural symbolism. The methods used include literature review, spatial analysis, and a descriptive qualitative approach to urban landscape morphology. The research results indicate that the imaginary axis is not merely an urban planning orientation, but also a representation of Javanese cosmological harmony that integrates humans, nature, and spirituality. From the perspective of landscape architecture, this axis demonstrates visual, ecological, and philosophical connectivity that creates Yogyakarta's landscape identity as a cultural city. Thus, the imaginary axis holds deep significance for spatial balance, the value of local wisdom, and provides inspiration for the development of sustainable architecture and landscapes in the future.
Imaginary Axis, Javanese Architecture, Landscape Architecture, Yogyakarta.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sandi Adji Pratama (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Material Usage in the Warak Kayu Microlibrary Building in Semarang
In the process of constructing a building, material selection is an important aspect that must be carefully considered by architects or designers. Materials not only influence the aesthetic value of a building but also play a role in determining building quality and environmental sustainability. This study analyzes the Microlibrary Warak Kayu designed by SHAU (Suryawinata Haizelman Architecture Urbanism), located on Dr. Sutomo Street, Semarang. The purpose of this research is to identify the types of materials used in the Microlibrary Warak Kayu, both in exterior and interior elements, so that it can serve as a reference for other public building designs. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method with a phenomenological approach. Data were obtained through field observations and supported by literature studies from various sources. The results indicate that all building elements of the Microlibrary Warak Kayu use wood materials certified by the Timber Legality Verification System (SVLK), with most also certified by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC). These materials were prefabricated by PT. Kayu Lapis Indonesia and derived from processed factory wood waste. The use of sustainable materials contributes to environmental preservation and helps reduce the carbon footprint of the construction industry.
Material, Environmental Sustainability, Wood, Architecture.
Copyright (c) 2025 Misbahudin Efendy, Kridha Agishna Mukti (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Literature Review on Efforts to Optimize Mold Change Time Using SMED (Single Minute Exchange of Dies)
This study presents a qualitative literature review on efforts to optimize mold changeover time through the implementation of the Single Minute Exchange of Dies (SMED) method in manufacturing industries, particularly injection molding processes. The review synthesizes findings from national and international studies published between 2020 and 2025 to identify common problems, implementation strategies, and performance impacts of SMED. The results indicate that prolonged mold changeover time is a major contributor to machine downtime and productivity loss, mainly caused by non-standardized procedures, poor preparation, and the dominance of internal setup activities. The implementation of SMED consistently demonstrates significant reductions in setup time by separating internal and external activities, simplifying work steps, and standardizing operating procedures. Furthermore, the literature reveals that SMED contributes to improvements in production output, equipment utilization, cost efficiency, and process stability. The findings also highlight the importance of operator involvement and managerial commitment to ensure sustainable results. Overall, this review confirms that SMED is a flexible and effective approach for enhancing manufacturing performance and supporting continuous improvement initiatives.
SMED, mold changeover time, injection molding, setup time reduction, manufacturing efficiency.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dionisius Tegar Cahyadi, Wijayanto Wijayanto, Riska Anggun Sucianingrum, Agus Yoga Nafasa, Muhamad Annur, Yudi Prastyo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Integration of Sustainable Architecture Principles and Tropical Spatial Planning in Urban Cafe Design: A Case Study of Tanatap Wall Garden in Semarang
This study examines the integration of sustainable architecture principles and tropical spatial planning in the design of an urban café through a case study of Tanatap Wall Garden Semarang. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach, supported by field observations, spatial analysis, and literature review. The findings reveal that sustainable design strategies are implemented through passive design approaches, including natural ventilation, optimal daylight utilization, climate-responsive spatial zoning, and the extensive use of bioophilic elements. Tropical spatial planning is reflected in the transition between outdoor, semi-open, and indoor spaces, which enhances thermal comfort and reduces reliance on mechanical systems. These design strategies not only improve environmental performance but also shape visitors’ spatial experience, comfort, and sense of place. The integration of sustainability, tropical design, and user experience demonstrates that urban cafés can function as environmentally responsive public spaces. This study contributes to architectural discourse by highlighting the potential of café design as a medium for sustainable and climate-adaptive architecture in tropical urban contexts.
sustainable architecture, tropical spatial planning, urban café, bioophilic design, user experience.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mutiara Fajar Sholehah, Zakiyah Wardah Isfahani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of the Causes of Discrepancies Between Inventory and Actual Items: A Case Study of Company X Using the RCA Method
This study examines stock accuracy performance, customer complaints, and the alignment between demand and fulfillment within a six-month operational period in order to identify the dominant factors contributing to inventory discrepancies. The findings show that variations in stock accuracy are closely related to nonstandard placement practices, non-real-time documentation, and inconsistencies in material movement across warehouse areas. Customer complaint records indicate recurring issues regarding wrong motif, wrong color, and shortage of delivered units, demonstrating that operational errors still play a substantive role. Additional analysis of demand and fulfillment across multiple ceramic sizes highlights that several product categories experience recurring gaps between requested and supplied quantities, particularly in the 60×60 WB variant. Root cause identification through a Pareto approach further reveals that human error, mixed materials in pallets, and misalignment between actual transfer and recorded data represent the largest contributors to overall discrepancies. These insights underscore the importance of strengthening warehouse discipline, enhancing personnel capability, and standardizing control mechanisms to ensure reliable inventory performance. The study concludes that structured interventions and continuous monitoring are required to maintain a stable and accurate stock management system.
Stock accuracy, Inventory management, Warehouse operations, Root cause analysis, Demand fulfillment.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammar Zidan Inprasepta, Aldi Allaudin, Nandana Malik Prayata, Anugrah Ramadhani Hidayah Warman, Yudi Prastyo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Energy Efficiency in Industrial Telecommunications Systems to Improve Operational Efficiency in Indonesia 2022-2024
This study analyzes energy efficiency in the Indonesian telecommunications industry during 2022–2024 by examining the interaction between infrastructure expansion, green technology investment, and network capacity enhancement. The findings indicate that the uncontrolled increase in the number of base transceiver stations tends to reduce energy efficiency when optimization measures are not implemented, particularly in regions with fluctuating traffic demand. In contrast, capital expenditure allocated to green technology demonstrates a strong positive effect on energy performance, as renewable-based systems, modernized equipment, and automated energy management configurations significantly reduce operational electricity consumption. Network capacity enhancement also contributes to operational efficiency by distributing traffic loads more effectively, minimizing equipment strain, and stabilizing service performance across diverse geographical areas. The combined impact of these factors highlights the need for structured modernization and energy-aware planning within the sector. Strengthening energy efficiency not only lowers operational costs but also supports national digital transformation goals through more resilient, reliable, and sustainable telecommunications infrastructure. These results emphasize that energy-efficient strategies are essential for improving long-term operational performance in Indonesia’s telecommunications industry.
Energy Efficiency, Telecommunications Infrastructure, Green Technology Investment, Network Capacity, Operational Performance.
Copyright (c) 2025 Septian Rizky Firdaus, Muhammad Syuaibi Chuluq Syuhadah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Integration of Batik Ornaments in Islamic Architecture and Spatial Design as a Reinforcement of Indonesian Cultural Identity
This study examines the integration of batik ornamentation into Islamic architectural and spatial design as a culturally grounded strategy to reinforce Indonesia’s national identity. Batik, as a symbolic visual language deeply rooted in Indonesian heritage, possesses philosophical depth that aligns with the spiritual and aesthetic principles of Islamic art. The research synthesizes literature on architectural identity, symbolic ornamentation, and cultural adaptation to trace how batik motifs can be meaningfully incorporated into façades, interiors, and urban religious environments. Findings reveal that successful integration requires careful selection of motifs, technological adaptation through digital processing, and collaborative interpretation between designers, scholars, and religious authorities to maintain symbolic coherence. Hybrid design approaches enable traditional motifs to coexist with contemporary Islamic architectural expressions without losing their cultural essence. This paper argues that integrating batik into Islamic architecture not only enriches visual harmony but also strengthens collective cultural consciousness among communities. Ultimately, batik-based architectural design presents a viable model for developing culturally resonant, spiritually grounded, and contextually relevant Islamic spaces in Indonesia.
Batik ornament, Islamic architecture, cultural identity, spatial design, Indonesiat.
Copyright (c) 2025 Habib Auliya Rahman (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Waste Bank Programs in Reducing Waste and Methane Emissions in Urban Areas
Urban waste generation continues to rise in line with increased consumption patterns, particularly in rapidly developing cities. This study analyzes the effectiveness of community-based waste banks in reducing municipal waste volume, lowering methane emissions, and strengthening urban climate resilience. Waste banks play a pivotal role in diverting recyclable and organic materials from landfills through structured sorting systems, economic incentives, and integrated organic processing such as composting and maggot cultivation. These mechanisms significantly reduce anaerobic decomposition, which is the primary source of methane emissions in landfills. Community participation, institutional capacity, technological support, and government collaboration emerge as key factors that determine the overall performance of waste bank programs. The development of circular economy practices within waste bank operations contributes to environmental quality improvement while simultaneously generating economic benefits for local communities. The findings highlight that waste banks are not only tools for waste reduction but also essential components of urban climate mitigation strategies. Their ability to integrate social, ecological, and economic functions positions them as effective, low-cost solutions for modern urban environmental management.
waste bank, methane emission reduction, circular economy, urban resilience, organic waste management.
Copyright (c) 2025 Erna Tri Asmorowati, Eko Sutrisno, Diah Sarasanty, Ainin Bashiroh, Faizatus Sholikhah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Analysis to Minimize Potential Hazards Using the Job Safety Analysis (JSA) Method at Bleduk Jati MSMEs
This study aims to analyze potential hazards in the production process of Bleduk Jati MSMEs through the application of the Job Safety Analysis (JSA) method to strengthen occupational safety and health efforts. Hazard identification was carried out by mapping all stages of work, collecting primary data through questionnaires, and confirming field conditions using supporting documentation. Risk scores were obtained from a combination of frequency and severity values, which were then summarized in a risk matrix to determine the hazard category for each production process. The results showed that several activities, such as cutting, baking, and smoothing, had high to extreme levels of danger, especially those involving direct contact with machinery, exposure to heat, and material dust. These findings emphasize the importance of stronger control through technical improvements, the use of personal protective equipment, work area rearrangement, and increased worker understanding of safety procedures. The study concludes that the application of JSA provides a more structured overview of risks and can serve as a basis for developing safe work procedures for the operational sustainability of MSMEs.
Job Safety Analysis, Occupational Safety, Potential Hazards, MSMEs, Production Risks
Copyright (c) 2025 Ali Asnawi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Employees in the Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Culture of PT. Yura Putra Pratama
Occupational safety and health (OSH) culture plays an important role in ensuring worker safety, especially in the construction sector, which has a high level of risk. This study aims to analyze the role of employees in building and strengthening OSH culture at PT Yura Putra Pratama, a contracting company engaged in building construction, road construction, and railway door installation. Through a qualitative descriptive approach based on literature review, it was found that active employee involvement in OSH implementation, including compliance with procedures, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), reporting of potential hazards, participation in training, and work communication, are key factors in reducing workplace accidents and improving project performance. The study results emphasize that OSH culture is not only the responsibility of management but also requires the awareness and commitment of every employee to create a safe, healthy, and productive work environment across all PT Yura Putra Pratama projects
OSH Culture, Occupational Safety, Occupational Health, Employee Role, Construction, PT Yura Putra Pratama.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rizky Aulia Firdaus, Ananda Yhuto Wibissono Putra (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0