Journal of Engineering and Applied Technology
Scripta Technica: Journal of Engineering and Applied Technology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that focuses on the dissemination of high-quality research in the fields of engineering and applied technology. It serves as an open platform for researchers, engineers, practitioners, and academics to publish innovative studies, technical developments, and theoretical contributions that address real-world engineering problems and technological advancement.
The Effect of Repeated Earthquake Load Cycles on the Behavior of Geosynthetic-Reinforced Soil
This study aims to analyze the effect of repeated seismic loading cycles on the mechanical behavior of geosynthetic-reinforced soil using a numerical simulation approach based on the finite element method. Modeling was performed using PLAXIS 2D v22, representing a 10-meter-high soil embankment on soft subgrade based on Standard Penetration Test data from the Solo–Yogyakarta Toll Road project at STA 0+616. Reinforcement systems using woven and non-woven geotextiles were modeled under cyclic loading conditions in the form of a sinusoidal wave with a maximum ground acceleration of 0.4562 g, a frequency of 0.8 Hz, and 50 loading cycles. The analysis results show that the use of geosynthetics is capable of improving system stability and significantly reducing deformation compared to unreinforced soil. Woven geotextiles produced the most optimal response with a maximum deformation of 2.699 × 10⁻³ m and a safety factor of 1.488 due to their higher tensile stiffness capacity. Non-woven geotextiles still improved soil performance, but their effectiveness was lower under repeated dynamic loading. The mechanical response of the soil is influenced by soil–geosynthetic interaction, dynamic stress distribution, reinforcement layer configuration, and cyclic loading characteristics. The research findings underscore the importance of integrating dynamic analysis into geotechnical design in earthquake-prone regions to enhance the long-term stability and resilience of infrastructure.
Cyclic Earthquake Loading, Geosynthetics, PLAXIS 2D, Soil Stability, Soft Soil.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Satria Pandu Justitia, Taufik Efendi Fadil, Pratikso Pratikso, Lisa Fitriyana (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of the Compressive and Tensile Strength of Concrete Using Pumice as a Substitute for Fine Aggregate
This study aims to analyze the effect of using pumice as a partial substitute for fine aggregate on the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, unit weight, and workability of lightweight concrete. The research method employed laboratory experiments with a design strength of fc’ 20 MPa based on SNI 7656:2012. The pumice substitution levels were set at 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% of the fine aggregate weight, with the addition of a superplasticizer at 0.5% of the cement weight. Tests were conducted at 7 and 28 days of concrete age using a Universal Testing Machine to obtain the concrete’s mechanical parameters. The results showed that increasing the pumice content caused a decrease in the concrete’s unit weight and slump value due to the high porosity and water absorption of the pumice aggregate. Substitution levels of 5% and 10% still produced relatively stable compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength, meeting the design quality standards for normal concrete. A 15% substitution showed a more significant decrease in mechanical strength due to increased internal voids and weak interlocking between materials. This study confirms that pumice has the potential to be used as an alternative material in the development of lightweight concrete with controlled weight efficiency and mechanical performance.
Pumice, Lightweight Concrete, Compressive Strength, Splitting Tensile Strength, Fine Aggregate Substitution.
Copyright (c) 2026 Firdaus Rizal Auliya Hadi, Ditya Ikram Rif’aa, Pratikso Pratikso (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Production Bottlenecks Caused by Rusted Materials Using the Theory of Constraints Method at Workshop 2 of PT. Triangle Motorindo
This study aims to analyze production bottlenecks caused by rusty materials using the Theory of Constraints approach at Workshop 2 of PT. Triangle Motorindo, which manufactures three-wheeled vehicle frames. The study employs an empirical, case-study-based method through direct observation of the production process, measurement of work time, recording of the quantity of rusty materials, and evaluation of effective production capacity. Data were analyzed using the stages of constraint identification, constraint exploitation, process subordination, constraint elevation, and constraint re-evaluation to determine the impact of rusty materials on production throughput. The results indicate that rusty materials cause an average additional grinding time of 10 minutes per unit, thereby reducing effective production capacity and triggering idle time at the welding, assembly, and painting stations. Total production time loss reached 260 minutes with a decrease in output of 30 units during the observation period. The implementation of a constraint elevation strategy through the addition of grinding machines, the allocation of dedicated operators, and the use of rust-resistant materials successfully reduced backlogged units to 5 units per week and increased daily output efficiency to over 95%. The research findings underscore the importance of material quality control in maintaining the stability of production flow in metal fabrication-based manufacturing.
Bottleneck, Production Capacity, Corroded Materials, Theory of Constraints, Production Throughput.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ilham Amri Yafi, Nurwidiana Nurwidiana (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evaluation of the Construction Safety Management System (CSMS) for the Phase 1 Flood Control Project in Semarang
The construction sector has a high rate of workplace accidents, necessitating the implementation of an effective Construction Safety Management System (CSMS) to minimize potential hazards. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the CSMS in the Phase I Flood Control Project of the Tenggang System in Semarang City, assess its compliance with Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing Regulation No. 10 of 2021, and analyze the level of compliance based on respondents’ perceptions. The method used was quantitative descriptive analysis through the distribution of questionnaires to 25 respondents from the Supervising Consultant team of PT Nindya–Sacna KSO. Data analysis was conducted using validity tests, reliability tests, calculation of mean values, and the Relative Importance Index (RII) using IBM SPSS Statistics. The research results indicate that all statement items are valid and reliable, with very high Cronbach’s Alpha values of 0.975, 0.909, and 0.928. The mean values fell into the high to very high categories, ranging from 4.76 to 4.96. This indicates that the implementation of SMKK has been optimal, in accordance with regulations, and has a good level of compliance, although continuous improvement is still needed to maintain consistency in its implementation.
Workplace accidents, compliance, construction, safety, SMKK.
Copyright (c) 2026 Andini Nadya Rahmawati, Anggit Tri Yatri, Eko Muliawan Satrio (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Performance Evaluation of Slope Stabilization on High Embankments Using Gabions Based on Plaxis V24.3.0 Analysis: A Case Study of Candisari, Semarang City
This study evaluates the performance of gabion reinforcement in mitigating slope failure on a high embankment slope in Candisari, Semarang City, using finite element analysis based on PLAXIS V24.3.0. The research integrates field observations, laboratory geotechnical testing, and numerical simulation to investigate slope deformation behavior, safety factor characteristics, and hydro mechanical responses under varying groundwater conditions. The numerical model was developed using plane strain analysis with staged construction procedures and strength reduction factor methods to represent actual field conditions. The results indicate that the unreinforced slope experienced significant deformation and a critical safety factor associated with progressive failure mechanisms. The installation of gabion structures improved slope stability by reducing horizontal and vertical displacement, redistributing effective stress, and shifting the slip surface away from the critical zone. Variations in groundwater level significantly affected slope performance through increased pore water pressure and reduced effective stress conditions. The study confirms that gabion reinforcement provides effective structural resistance for high embankment slopes, although hydraulic sensitivity remains a controlling factor in long term stability performance.
Gabion Reinforcement, Slope Stability, Finite Element Analysis, Groundwater Variation, PLAXIS V24.3.0.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nazala Trisnadyani, Nur Mukti Afiatillah, Lisa Fitriyana (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of the Impact of Workforce Competence on the Effectiveness of Production Technology Adoption
This study examines the effect of workforce competence on the effectiveness of production technology utilization in the manufacturing industry through a quantitative empirical approach with a causal research design. Workforce competence was operationalized through technical operating skills, work experience, and training intensity, while production technology effectiveness was measured using productivity level, production cycle efficiency, and defect rate indicators. Data were collected from production operators working in semi-automated and automated manufacturing systems using structured questionnaires and production documentation. Statistical analysis was conducted using simple linear regression to evaluate the relationship between workforce competence and production technology effectiveness. The findings indicate that workforce competence has a significant positive influence on production productivity, operational stability, process efficiency, and product quality consistency. Operators with higher competence levels demonstrated better adaptability toward industrial technology implementation and machine-based production systems. The study also highlights the strategic importance of competency development, ergonomic work systems, and continuous training programs in strengthening industrial competitiveness and supporting sustainable manufacturing performance within technology-oriented production environments.
Workforce Competence, Production Technology, Manufacturing Productivity, Industrial Efficiency, Human-Machine Integration.
Copyright (c) 2026 Azra Bayu Afrianto, Syahru Rifky, Fazri Achmad Nur Fadilah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Product Load Variations on Compressor Performance in a Brine-Cooled Ice Maker System
Refrigeration systems play a crucial role in cooling and freezing processes within low-temperature-based industries. In brine cooling-based ice maker systems, performance is highly dependent on the compressor as the primary component in the vapor compression cycle. Variations in product load lead to changes in heat load, which directly affect compressor work and energy consumption. This study aims to analyze the effect of product load variations on compressor work and electrical power consumption. An experimental method was employed with load variations of 25, 30, and 35 water packages (0.8 kg per package). The observed parameters included pressure, temperature, compressor work, and power consumption. Data were collected through direct measurements using K-type thermocouples, manifold gauges, and watt meters, and subsequently analyzed based on vapor compression cycle equations. The results indicate that increasing the product load raises compressor work from 72.54 kJ/kg to 73.47 kJ/kg and power consumption from 5797.8 Watts to 6842.86 Watts. Additionally, higher loads result in increased discharge pressure, compressor outlet temperature, and longer freezing time. It can be concluded that product load significantly affects system performance and energy consumption.
Product Load, Brine Cooling, Power Consumption, Compressor Work, Refrigeration System.
Copyright (c) 2026 Marvelyano Petra Sampara, Cendy Sophia Edwina Tupamahu, Sefnath Josep Etwan Sarwuna (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of the Effectiveness of the Deep Soil Mixing Method in Improving the Stability of Soft Soil in Highway Construction
The construction of toll roads on soft soil frequently encounters geotechnical problems in the form of excessive ground settlement and low embankment stability, which may lead to structural failure if appropriate ground improvement measures are not implemented. Deep Soil Mixing (DSM) is a ground improvement technique in which in-situ soil is mixed with a binding agent to increase shear strength and reduce soil compressibility. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the DSM method in improving the stability of soft soil for toll road construction and to evaluate the influence of variations in column spacing and depth on soil deformation and safety factors. The study was conducted as a case study of the Probolinggo–Banyuwangi Toll Road Development Project, Package 2, at STA 16+550–STA 16+600, using analytical approaches and numerical modeling based on the finite element method with PLAXIS 2D software. Analyses were performed for conditions without ground improvement and with DSM improvement using two configurations, namely a column spacing of 1.5 m with a depth of 8 m and a column spacing of 1 m with a depth of 6 m. The results indicate that the application of the DSM method significantly increases the safety factor and reduces soft soil deformation, with a closer column spacing configuration demonstrating more optimal performance in enhancing embankment stability.
Soft Soil, Deep Soil Mixing, Soil Stability, Deformation, Toll Road.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ababiel Ashabussidiq, Jerrico Naufal Hibban, Rifqi Brilyant Arief , Rinda Karlinasari (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Paving Blocks with the Addition of Plastic and Crumb Rubber
Paving blocks are construction materials made from a mixture of cement, sand, aggregate, and water. Typically, paving blocks are molded in square or rectangular shapes and are used as surface coverings for roads, sidewalks, parking lots, and other public areas. One of the reasons why paving blocks are popular is because of their load-bearing ability, durability, and aesthetic appearance. This research aims to analyze paving blocks used in construction. Another objective of the research conducted was to analyze the opportunity of using added materials, namely recycled plastic and crumb rubber in making paving blocks, which aims to produce quality and sustainable products. In experimental research, the first step is to determine the variation in the composition of the additives used. Next, paving blocks are made through a dry mixing process until they are homogeneous, then molded using hexagonal molds and compacted manually. After that, the test objects undergo a curing process for 28 days before testing. Testing of paving blocks includes compressive strength and water absorption tests to determine the effect of adding additives on the quality and performance of the modified paving blocks. The results showed that the addition of plastic and crumb rubber can increase the strength of paving blocks and ensure flexibility and the product itself, reduce production costs and effective use of industrial waste.
Blocks, Recycled HDPE Plastic, Crumb Rubber, Compressive Strength, Water Absorption.
Copyright (c) 2026 Benigno Faza Akbari, Muhammad Aufa Ahda Athoillah, Juny Andry Sulistyo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementation of Green Building in Construction Projects in Manokwari with a Lean Construction Approach
The construction sector significantly contributes to global energy consumption and carbon emissions, necessitating integrated strategies that combine operational efficiency and environmental sustainability. This study develops a conceptual Lean–Green integration model for construction projects in Manokwari through a Systematic Literature Review following the PRISMA protocol. The analysis synthesizes empirical findings published between 2018 and 2026 to examine the causal relationships between Lean Construction practices and Green Building performance indicators. The results indicate that Lean–Green integration potentially reduces material waste by 15–35%, decreases project costs by 10–20%, and improves operational energy efficiency by up to 30%. The proposed input–process–output framework identifies managerial commitment, workforce capability, regulatory support, and digital technology integration as critical determinants of successful implementation. The discussion highlights organizational culture, risk management, supply chain integration, and BIM-based digitalization as strategic enablers in peripheral regions with logistical constraints.
Lean Construction, Green Building, Sustainable Construction, Waste Reduction, BIM Integration.
Copyright (c) 2025 Natalia E Safkaur (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Restructuring the Building's Substructure with Pile Foundations: A Case Study of the Batang III Industrial Workers' Apartment Building Construction Project JTGRSN21-03
Pile foundations play an important role in ensuring the stability of multi storey buildings subjected to axial loads, lateral loads, and moments. In the Batang III Industrial Worker Housing Project (JTGRSN21-03), the original foundation system used bored piles. This study redesigns the foundation into spun piles with a diameter of 0.80 m and a length of 12 m under the same soil conditions and loads. The research methodology was conducted through analysis of three foundation joints. Axial bearing capacity was evaluated using the Meyerhof method, resulting in a tip resistance of 946.00 kN, skin friction resistance of 2,970.37 kN, ultimate bearing capacity of 3,916.37 kN, and allowable bearing capacity of 1,305.46 kN. Lateral bearing capacity was analyzed using the Broms method with an allowable capacity of 162.0 kN. Group pile bearing capacity was determined using the Converse Labarre method. Settlement analysis using the Vesic method showed a single pile settlement of 22.69 mm and group settlements of 50.2 mm at joint 599, 41.8 mm at joint 628, and 21.0 mm at joint 371. Plaxis analysis produced smaller settlements of 13.94 mm, 13.44 mm, and 9.19 mm. The pile cap and shear wall design is considered safe.
Bearing Capacity, Foundation, Settlement, Pile Cap, Redesign.
Copyright (c) 2026 Abimanyu Wahyu P.S.P., Adi Prasetyo Pambudi, Soedarsono Soedarsono, Lisa Fitriyana (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Traffic Impact Due to Road Repairs on Majapahit Road in Semarang: A Case Study of Majapahit Road, Semarang City
The growth of urban activities in Semarang City has led to an increase in traffic movement, particularly along Jalan Majapahit, which serves as a primary corridor connecting the city center with residential and industrial areas. Road rehabilitation works on this segment caused lane narrowing, resulting in reduced road capacity and affecting overall traffic performance. This study aims to analyze traffic characteristics and road performance on Jalan Majapahit before and during the road rehabilitation period. The evaluated parameters include traffic volume, side friction, road capacity, degree of saturation (DS), and level of service (LOS), based on the Indonesian Road Capacity Guidelines (PKJI 2023). The research method involved field surveys consisting of vehicle volume counts, side friction observations, and geometric road measurements. The collected data were then analyzed to determine road capacity and degree of saturation under both conditions. The results indicate that before rehabilitation, the degree of saturation reached approximately 0.736, representing relatively stable traffic conditions. However, during the rehabilitation period, the DS increased to 1.192, indicating that traffic demand exceeded road capacity, leading to congestion, reduced vehicle speeds, and traffic queues. Consequently, the level of service deteriorated from category C before rehabilitation to category E during rehabilitation
Jalan Majapahit, Road Performance, Traffic Volume, Degree of Saturation, Level of Service, PKJI 2023.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tarekh Al Aziz, Zuhair Zuhdi, Rachmat Mudiyono, Juny Andry Sulistyo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
K3 Performance Evaluation in the Ibrahim Tower Construction Project Phase 1 at Roemani Muhammadiyah Hospital in Semarang
This study evaluates Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) performance in the Ibrahim Tower Phase 1 Construction Project at Roemani Muhammadiyah Hospital, Semarang, using a field-based empirical quantitative descriptive-evaluative approach. The research integrates hazard identification, frequency rate measurement, and assessment of preventive implementation to determine overall safety performance. From 203 identified potential hazards within the project’s SMK3 documentation, 39 were verified as actual occurrences, representing 19.21 percent of the total identified hazards. Frequency Rate calculations based on 985,600 working hours indicate that all actual hazard variables fall within the low-risk category (FR ≤ 5), demonstrating controlled accident intensity. Questionnaire analysis involving managerial and operational personnel reveals good to very good levels of preventive implementation, supporting the low frequency findings. The integration of documented safety systems, empirical verification, quantitative risk measurement, and organizational commitment suggests that the project’s OHS management system functions effectively.
Occupational Health and Safety, Frequency Rate, Risk Management, Construction Project, SMK3.
Copyright (c) 2026 Alan Adi Nugroho, Eko Muliawan satrio (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Soil Stabilization Using Ferronickel Slag and Alkali Mixture
The Kendal Industrial Park (KIK), Central Java, is characterized by soft clay soil with low bearing capacity, requiring improvement before being used as a construction foundation. This study aims to determine soil classification, analyze the effect of ferronickel slag and alkali (NaOH and KOH) mixtures, and evaluate the potential of these mixtures as soil stabilization materials. The research was conducted experimentally in the laboratory through specific gravity tests, grain size distribution analysis, Atterberg limits, Standard Proctor compaction test, direct shear test, and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test. The mixture variations used consisted of 10% ferronickel slag combined with alkali solutions of NaOH and KOH at concentrations of 6%, 8%, and 10%. The results showed that the original soil was classified as fine-grained soil with high plasticity and a CBR value of 5.6%, indicating low bearing capacity. The addition of ferronickel slag and alkali reduced soil plasticity and increased soil strength and bearing capacity. Therefore, the mixture of ferronickel slag and alkali has the potential to be used as an environmentally friendly alternative soil stabilization material.
Soil Stabilization, Ferronickel Slag, Alkali, Clay Soil, CBR.
Copyright (c) 2026 Soma Shaki Hadi Nugraha, Dzulfikar Sani, Lisa Fitriyana, Juny Andry Sulistyo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course (AC-WC) with the Addition of Latex and Rice Husk Ash in Road Pavement
Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course (AC-WC) is a wearing layer on flexible pavements that directly receives traffic loads and environmental influences. However, conventional mixtures are still susceptible to plastic deformation, fatigue cracking, and water damage, so material modification is needed to improve their performance. This study aims to analyze the effect of adding latex and rice husk ash on the Marshall characteristics of AC-WC and to determine the optimal mixture variation. Laboratory experimental methods were used with 60/70 penetration asphalt, aggregates in accordance with the 2025 General Specifications for Highways, latex as an additive, and rice husk ash as a filler, with variations of 0%, 4%, 7%, and 9% latex and 0%, 3%, 6%, and 7% rice husk ash. Marshall test results showed that the combination of materials significantly affected the stability, flow, and stiffness of the mixture, while still meeting Bina Marga technical requirements. The best mixture was obtained with 3% latex and 6% rice husk ash, with VIM 4.82%, VMA 21.63%, VFB 78.01%, stability 831.17 kg, flow 3.73 mm, and MQ 222.33 kg/mm, making this variation recommended as the optimal and environmentally friendly AC-WC mixture.
AC-WC, Latex, Rice Husk Ash, Marshall, Road Pavement.
Copyright (c) 2026 Prabowo Pujito, Zida Shofwan Azhim, Eko Muliawan Satrio (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Comparative Study of Compressive Strength and Tensile Strength of Self-Compacting Concrete with Fly Ash and Silica Fume Substitutions
Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) is an innovative concrete that can flow and compact itself without a compactor, making it highly effective for use in structures with dense reinforcement and complex shapes. However, the high cement requirements of SCC increase costs and carbon emissions, necessitating alternatives in the form of pozzolanic material substitutions such as fly ash and silica fume. This study aimed to analyze the effect of these two materials on the compressive and splitting tensile strength of SCC concrete through experimental methods with substitution variations of 0%, 10%, and 15% of the cement weight, as well as testing of fresh properties according to standards. The results showed that pozzolanic material substitution improved the mechanical performance of SCC, but to varying degrees. The addition of 10% fly ash only provided a moderate increase in compressive strength of approximately 4% at 28 days and had no significant effect on splitting tensile strength. On the other hand, 10% silica fume proved to be the most optimal composition because it produced the highest compressive strength of 57.49 MPa (an increase of about 28% from normal concrete) and increased the splitting tensile strength to 3.58 MPa, making it more effective for high-quality SCC.
Fly Ash, Compressive Strength, Split Tensile Strength, Self-Compacting Concrete, Silica Fume.
Copyright (c) 2026 Anandha Risal Ariyanto, Ahmad Nur Syariffudin, Antonius Antonius (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Performance Engineering of Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course (AC-WC) Based on Biomass Waste: Experimental Study of Palm Kernel Shell and Dammar Resin Modification on Marshall Characteristics and Volumetric Parameters
Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course (AC-WC) road pavement functions as a crucial wearing layer to maintain its performance and service life, but conventional asphalt still faces problems with its high cost and dependence on non-renewable natural resources. Therefore, this study analyzes the use of palm kernel shell waste and dammar resin as a modified AC-WC mixture, looking at its Marshall characteristics and suitability to Bina Marga specifications. The method used is an experimental laboratory with variations of palm kernel shells of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% plus dammar resin of 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%. Marshall tests check stability, flow, VIM, VMA, VFA, and MQ according to SNI and Bina Marga. The results show that the addition of both has a positive effect, with the optimum at 7.5% palm kernel shells and 6% dammar resin increasing stability and meeting technical standards, making it highly potential as an environmentally friendly and cost-effective alternative
AC-WC, Coconut Shells, Palm Oil, Damar Resin, Marshall Test
Copyright (c) 2026 Danang Wahyu kurniawan, Fathul Hidayat AR Rizqi, Rachmat Mudiyono (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Optimizing Construction Project Performance through the Lean Construction Approach in Manokwari
This study examines the optimization of school websites as information centers through the integration of alumni directories and organizational structures to enhance institutional communication and data management effectiveness. The research highlights that a well-structured website system not only functions as a medium for information dissemination but also as an integrated institutional database that supports digital-based governance in educational environments. The integration of alumni directories facilitates sustainable communication between schools and graduates, enabling stronger institutional networks and broader stakeholder engagement. The transparent presentation of organizational structures improves institutional accountability and accessibility of information for internal and external users. The synergy between these integrated features contributes to the development of an adaptive and responsive information system capable of supporting administrative needs and public communication. Ultimately, this implementation enhances the quality of educational information services and strengthens the institutional image in responding to the demands of digital transformation in the era of information technology.
School Website Optimization, Alumni Directory Integration, Organizational Structure Transparency, Information Management, Digital Governance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Natalia E Safkaur (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Time and Cost Efficiency of Conventional Methods and Steel Decks in Highway Bridge Deck Slab Construction
This study investigates the comparative efficiency of conventional cast-in-situ and steel deck methods for bridge deck slab construction in the Kapuk–Teluknaga–Rajeg Toll Road Project Phase I, Banten Province, Indonesia. The research applies a field-based empirical case study design with a quantitative approach, using primary data from site observations and structured interviews, and secondary data from shop drawings, project specifications, and cost documents. Cost estimation was conducted using unit price-based analysis following AHSP standards regulated by Permen PUPR No. 28/PRT/M/2016, while construction duration was calculated based on actual productivity and activity sequencing. The results indicate that the conventional method required 17 working days with a total cost of Rp 592,003,970, whereas the steel deck method required only 8 working days with a total cost of Rp 553,984,460. These findings demonstrate that steel deck provides a 52.94% reduction in construction time and a 6.42% cost saving. The study further shows that steel deck shifts project cost structure from labor-intensive operations to controlled material-based execution, improving schedule reliability and construction productivity.
Steel Deck, Cast In Situ, Deck Slab, Cost Efficiency, Time Efficiency.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kodrat Insany Taqwim (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evaluation of the Synchronization of Excavation and Loading Equipment and Cover Layer Removal Transport Equipment at PT XXY
This study evaluates the operational synchronization between loading and hauling equipment in overburden stripping activities at PT XXY, South Sumatra, using an empirical field-based approach conducted from April to June 2025. The system architecture consists of one excavator and several Off Highway Trucks operating within a single active mining front. Primary data were obtained through direct cycle time measurements of at least 30 representative cycles per unit, supported by secondary technical parameters including bucket capacity, swell factor, hauling distance, and effective working hours. Productivity analysis indicates an initial output of 367.81 BCM/hour with a match factor of 0.96, reflecting capacity imbalance and excavator waiting time. Simulation of fleet adjustment to eight hauling units increased productivity to 420.36 BCM/hour and improved system balance while reducing specific fuel consumption from 0.41 to 0.37 liter/BCM. Efficiency evaluation demonstrates that synchronization directly influences operational utilization, energy intensity, and production target achievement.
Overburden Stripping, Match Factor, Equipment Synchronization, Mining Productivity, Fuel Efficiency.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yopan Yopan, Ahmad Husni, Rodiyah Nursani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evaluation of Occupational Safety and Health Implementation in the Transportation of Overburden from the Mining Front to Disposal at PT X Lahat, South Sumatra
Overburden transportation constitutes a critical stage in open-pit mining operations, characterized by a high level of safety risk and a direct influence on production continuity. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) in overburden hauling activities from the mining front to the disposal area at PT X, Lahat Regency, South Sumatra. The research employed a descriptive design integrating qualitative and quantitative approaches. Data were collected through field observations, interviews with relevant stakeholders, questionnaires administered to workers and heavy-equipment operators, and hazard identification alongside risk assessment using the Risk Assessment Matrix. The findings indicate that OSH implementation at PT X can be classified as satisfactory, as reflected in the high level of compliance with personal protective equipment usage, routine safety briefings, adequate safety signage, and active supervision by OSH personnel. Risk analysis shows that most hauling activities fall within low to moderate risk categories, although several hazards still require additional control measures. Overall, the OSH system in overburden transportation operates effectively; nevertheless, continuous evaluation remains essential to enhance operational safety and further reduce accident potential.
Hauling, Occupational Safety, Open-Pit Mining, Work Risk, Overburden Transportation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sefi Aranda, Reni Arisanti, Ahmad Husni (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Modified Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course (AC-WC) with the Addition of Wood Ash and Styrofoam Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) for Road Pavement
This laboratory-based quantitative experimental study evaluated the performance of Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course (AC-WC) modified with wood ash as filler and Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) styrofoam as asphalt additive. The research verified the base binder through penetration testing, yielding an average penetration value of 69.4, confirming the use of 60/70 penetration grade asphalt. Asphalt content was validated using extraction testing, resulting in an average binder content of 5.80%, ensuring consistency between design and actual mixture composition. Marshall testing was conducted to assess mechanical and volumetric characteristics, including stability, flow, Marshall Quotient (MQ), VMA, VIM, and VFB. The results demonstrated that EPS dosage significantly influenced volumetric balance and load resistance within the mixture. Among the evaluated combinations using 4% wood ash and EPS levels of 0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%, the optimum performance was achieved at 1.5% EPS, which satisfied key Bina Marga 2018 Revision 2 requirements for VIM, VMA, VFB, stability, and flow. However, MQ values remained below specification for all mixtures, indicating limitations in stiffness–deformation ratio and the need for further optimization and durability testing.
AC-WC, Wood Ash, EPS Styrofoam, Marshall Test, Asphalt Modification.
Copyright (c) 2025 Pradita Setya Ningtyias, Siti Fatimah, Rachmat Mudiyono (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
AC-WC Analysis Using a Mixture of Shell Waste and Waste Glass as Additives for Road Pavement
This study evaluates the performance of Asphalt Concrete-Wearing Course (AC-WC) mixtures incorporating shell waste and waste glass as additives for sustainable pavement applications. The optimum asphalt content was determined at 5.8% using the Marshall method, producing balanced volumetric and mechanical properties that satisfy heavy traffic specifications. Waste glass addition without shell waste increased mixture stiffness but did not consistently achieve optimal stability due to volumetric imbalance. A synergistic effect was observed when shell waste and waste glass were combined. The mixture containing 5% shell waste and 5% waste glass demonstrated the most favorable performance, characterized by higher stability, proportional Marshall Quotient, controlled air void distribution, and improved structural integrity. Increasing shell waste content to 7.5% and 10% did not enhance performance and tended to reduce volumetric balance. Economic evaluation indicates a material cost reduction of approximately 1.72% per kilometer compared to conventional mixtures, without compromising mechanical performance. The findings confirm that the optimal incorporation of shell waste and waste glass is technically feasible and economically beneficial for sustainable AC-WC pavement construction.
AC-WC, Shell Waste, Waste Glass, Marshall Stability, Sustainable Pavement
Copyright (c) 2025 Nur Rahman, Singgih Aji Saputra, Rachmat Mudiyono (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Designing a Real-Time Internet of Things (IoT)-Based Home Safe Security Monitoring System via Telegram Bot
This study presents the design and development of a real-time IoT-based monitoring security system for home safes integrated with Telegram Bot notifications. The proposed system employs NodeMCU ESP8266 as the main controller, combined with an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor for motion detection and an MPU-6500 vibration sensor for shock recognition. When suspicious movement or abnormal vibration is detected, the system activates a local buzzer alarm and triggers an automatic solenoid door lock mechanism through a relay module. Simultaneously, warning messages are transmitted instantly to users via Telegram Bot and displayed on a web-based monitoring dashboard. Experimental evaluation indicates that the ultrasonic sensor achieved an average measurement error of ±1.6 cm, while vibration detection responded within 0.2–0.5 seconds. The solenoid locking mechanism demonstrated 100% success across all test scenarios. Telegram notifications were delivered with an average latency of 1.33 seconds, depending on network quality. The optimization stage improved detection stability, reduced false alarms, and enhanced system reliability. Overall, the developed prototype offers an effective and low-cost smart security solution for domestic safe protection.
IoT security system, home safe monitoring, Telegram Bot notification, NodeMCU ESP8266, smart lock automation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yesaya IXVois Hendrikus Sereh, Mizanul Achlaq, Agung Widodo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Implementation of E-Procurement within the Procurement Service Unit (UKPBJ) of the Directorate General of Corrections in Lampung
This study examines the empirical implementation of e-procurement within the Procurement Service Unit (UKPBJ) of the Directorate General of Corrections in Lampung, focusing on accountability, effectiveness, and transparency outcomes. Utilizing a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, non-participant observation, and document analysis, while analytical validation employed triangulation and the interactive model of data reduction, display, and iterative conclusion verification. Findings indicate that digital systems such as SPSE, e-catalogue, and INAPROC have substantially improved traceability and procedural order in procurement activities, enabling more efficient supplier selection, contract management, and monitoring of procurement stages. Nevertheless, optimal outcomes are hindered by infrastructure disparities, limited human resource competencies, and inconsistent managerial support, which constrain uniform adoption and system utilization. Regulatory support and policy clarity significantly influence implementation success, while leadership and capacity-building emerge as pivotal enablers. The study contributes to e-procurement literature by empirically validating socio-technical determinants of digital procurement performance, highlighting the need for coordinated interventions in technological readiness, institutional governance, and personnel development to fully realize transparency, accountability, and efficiency objectives in public sector procurement
Digital Education Policy, E-Rapor, Policy Implementation, Educational Digitalization, Rural Schools.
Copyright (c) 2025 Vike Youdit, Intan Fitri Meutia, Dian Kagungan, Noverman Duadji (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementing Digital Education Policy through e-Rapor in Rural Indonesian High Schools: A Case Study of SMAN 1 Abung Tinggi
This study examines the implementation of Indonesia’s digital education policy through the e-Rapor system in a rural public high school, SMAN 1 Abung Tinggi, using a qualitative descriptive case study approach. Drawing on in-depth interviews, non-participant observations, and document analysis, the research analyzes e-Rapor as a socio-technical instrument embedded in organizational routines rather than as a standalone technological application. The findings show that e-Rapor improves administrative efficiency, data integration, and reporting accountability, while simultaneously reshaping assessment practices, professional roles, and internal coordination mechanisms. Implementation outcomes are strongly mediated by human resource capacity, leadership practices, infrastructural constraints, and informal adaptive arrangements developed at the school level. Digital literacy gaps and unstable connectivity remain persistent challenges, yet peer collaboration and managerial support enable functional policy adaptation. The study demonstrates that digital policy effectiveness in rural contexts emerges from institutional mediation and organizational learning, not from technological deployment alone. Theoretically, the research contributes to policy implementation and digital governance by highlighting adaptive compliance, while methodologically it demonstrates qualitative inquiry for capturing contextualized dynamics.
Digital Education Policy, e-Rapor, Policy Implementation, Educational Digitalization, Rural Schools.
Copyright (c) 2025 Aghisna Amalia Putri, Intan Fitri Meutia, Dedy Hermawan, Bambang Utoyo S (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementation of Disaster Response System using Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment Method
Disaster mitigation is a process that must be done so that the victim could be helped as soon as possible. This study aims to create a system of triage to provide information services quickly, efficiently, and effectively in disaster management. Methods This study focuses how to make triage information system, where victims disaster will grouped based on priorities through the triage process by using algorithms Siple Triage and Rapid Treatment (START) system thus built can be used by people who are not medical team. These results indicate that the system will provide the decision through the triage results to categorize by color. Victims are labeled red are critical and require the victim to the hospital treatment, the victim was a yellow label, green label handling of victims that can be postponed, while the black label indicates the patient is dead, the result would facilitate triage medical team in conducting further treatment. It can be concluded that the disaster triage information system can provide convenience in handling the victims based on the level of emergency.
Disaster Response System, START Triage, Android Application, Victim Classification, Health Technology.
Copyright (c) 2025 Roby Stevi Lumbu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Explainable AI (XAI) Analysis Using SHAP for Credit Card Fraud
The increased use of credit cards in digital payment systems has also increased the risk of transaction fraud, which has led to financial losses and a decline in user confidence. Various machine learning approaches have been developed to automatically detect fraud, but most high-performance models are black-box in nature, making them difficult to explain and unsupportive of auditing and decision-making processes. This study aims to analyze the application of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) using the SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) method in credit card fraud detection systems. An imbalanced credit card transaction dataset was used as experimental data, with two classification models, namely Logistic Regression as a baseline and Random Forest as an ensemble model. Performance evaluation was conducted using Precision, Recall, F1-score, and Average Precision (PR-AUC) metrics, which are more suitable for imbalanced data cases. The experimental results show that the Random Forest model performs better than Logistic Regression, especially in terms of Precision, F1-Score, and PR-AUC metrics. Explainability analysis using SHAP was performed to obtain global and local explanations for the model's decisions. Global explanations successfully identified the dominant features that influence fraud predictions, while local explanations provided an overview of the contribution of individual features to specific fraud transactions. The results of this study show that the application of SHAP can improve the transparency and clarity of fraud detection model decisions without sacrificing prediction performance, thereby potentially supporting the development of a more reliable and easily audited fraud detection system.
Fraud detection , Explainable AI, SHAP, Credit card, Machine learning.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yanuangga Galahartlambang, Titik Khotiah, Ilham Basri K, Masrur Anwar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementation of WordPress Based on Virtual Machines on the Linux Operating System
The development of information technology has increased the demand for content management systems that are easy to use and flexible for website management. WordPress is widely used as a platform for building informational websites. This study aims to implement WordPress on a Linux operating system based on a Virtual Machine as a medium for website development and testing. The research methods include system design, virtual network configuration, installation of the web server and database server, and system functionality testing. The implementation is carried out using a Linux server environment with Apache as the web server and MySQL as the database server. The results show that WordPress can be successfully installed and run in a virtual environment and accessed through a local network using an IP address and a local domain. This implementation demonstrates that Virtual Machine technology is an effective and efficient solution for WordPress-based website development without requiring a physical server.
WordPress, Virtual Machine, Linux Operating System, Web Server, Database Server.
Copyright (c) 2025 Princess An-Najwa Amin, Aida Nurul Fitri, Fauzi Abdul Rohim, Muhammad Fikri (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Application System for Food Aid Distribution Using the PGC (Pos Giro Cash) Application
PT Pos Indonesia (Persero) is a state-owned enterprise engaged in services, particularly communication and delivery services, as well as financial services through post offices. As a state-owned enterprise, PT Pos Indonesia is committed to maintaining public trust and providing optimal services to the government and the community. Post offices serve as a means for various transactions, such as sending letters and packages, paying bills, withdrawing money, and selling stamps. In supporting the distribution of social assistance, PT Pos Indonesia has developed the Pos Giro Cash application, which is used to document the homes of beneficiary families (KPM) of the Sembako Program. This application aims to minimize the risk of misdirected assistance by collecting and managing recipient data accurately. Social assistance is a form of government spending provided in the form of money, goods, or services to protect the community from social risks and improve welfare. One form of social assistance is food assistance, which aims to ensure that the community has access to sufficient and nutritious food. This application system was developed as a set of integrated elements to achieve the goal of targeted and effective assistance distribution.
Application, PGC (Pos Giro Cash), Social Assistance, Food Assistance, System
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohammad Rachel (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0