Journal of Engineering and Applied Technology
type: channel
description: Scripta Technica: Journal of Engineering and Applied Technology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that focuses on the dissemination of high-quality research in the fields of engineering and applied technology. It serves as an open platform for researchers, engineers, practitioners, and academics to publish innovative studies, technical developments, and theoretical contributions that address real-world engineering problems and technological advancement.
publisher: CV SCRIPTA INTELEKTUAL MANDIRI
language: en
publication name: Journal of Engineering and Applied Technology
issn: 3109-9696
items: Analysis of Student Sentiment Toward the Use of ChatGPT for College Assignments Using the Naïve Bayes Method
items: Design of an Automated Water-Filling System for Gallons Using an Infrared Proximity Sensor
items: Analysis of Bearing Capacity and Settlement of Shallow and Deep Foundations on Soft Soil
items: Development of a Manual Ice Shaver into an Automatic One to Improve Production Efficiency for MSMEs
items: The Impact of Precast Concrete Use on the Implementation of Lean Construction in Construction Projects in Manokwari: A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) Approach
items: Analysis of the Compressive, Tensile, and Flexural Strength of Concrete Using Limestone and Bestmittel as Additives
items: The Effect of Repeated Earthquake Load Cycles on the Behavior of Geosynthetic-Reinforced Soil
items: Analysis of the Compressive and Tensile Strength of Concrete Using Pumice as a Substitute for Fine Aggregate
items: Analysis of Production Bottlenecks Caused by Rusted Materials Using the Theory of Constraints Method at Workshop 2 of PT. Triangle Motorindo
items: Evaluation of the Construction Safety Management System (CSMS) for the Phase 1 Flood Control Project in Semarang
items: Performance Evaluation of Slope Stabilization on High Embankments Using Gabions Based on Plaxis V24.3.0 Analysis: A Case Study of Candisari, Semarang City
items: Analysis of the Impact of Workforce Competence on the Effectiveness of Production Technology Adoption
items: The Effect of Product Load Variations on Compressor Performance in a Brine-Cooled Ice Maker System
items: Analysis of the Effectiveness of the Deep Soil Mixing Method in Improving the Stability of Soft Soil in Highway Construction
items: Analysis of the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Paving Blocks with the Addition of Plastic and Crumb Rubber
items: Implementation of Green Building in Construction Projects in Manokwari with a Lean Construction Approach
items: Restructuring the Building's Substructure with Pile Foundations: A Case Study of the Batang III Industrial Workers' Apartment Building Construction Project JTGRSN21-03
items: Analysis of Traffic Impact Due to Road Repairs on Majapahit Road in Semarang: A Case Study of Majapahit Road, Semarang City
items: K3 Performance Evaluation in the Ibrahim Tower Construction Project Phase 1 at Roemani Muhammadiyah Hospital in Semarang
items: Soil Stabilization Using Ferronickel Slag and Alkali Mixture
items: Analysis of Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course (AC-WC) with the Addition of Latex and Rice Husk Ash in Road Pavement
items: Comparative Study of Compressive Strength and Tensile Strength of Self-Compacting Concrete with Fly Ash and Silica Fume Substitutions
items: https://scriptaintelektual.com/scripta-technica/article/view/772
items: Optimizing Construction Project Performance through the Lean Construction Approach in Manokwari
items: Analysis of Time and Cost Efficiency of Conventional Methods and Steel Decks in Highway Bridge Deck Slab Construction
items: Evaluation of the Synchronization of Excavation and Loading Equipment and Cover Layer Removal Transport Equipment at PT XXY
items: Evaluation of Occupational Safety and Health Implementation in the Transportation of Overburden from the Mining Front to Disposal at PT X Lahat, South Sumatra
items: Analysis of Modified Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course (AC-WC) with the Addition of Wood Ash and Styrofoam Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) for Road Pavement
items: AC-WC Analysis Using a Mixture of Shell Waste and Waste Glass as Additives for Road Pavement
items: Designing a Real-Time Internet of Things (IoT)-Based Home Safe Security Monitoring System via Telegram Bot

Analysis of Student Sentiment Toward the Use of ChatGPT for College Assignments Using the Naïve Bayes Method
type: item
description: Advances in generative artificial intelligence technology have driven an increase in the use of ChatGPT for various academic activities, including the completion of college assignments. This study aims to analyze student sentiment toward the use of ChatGPT for college assignments using the Naïve Bayes method. The study employs an empirical, machine learning-based experimental approach using a dataset obtained from Kaggle consisting of 1,153 student comments. The research stages include data preprocessing, feature extraction using Term Frequency–Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF), training the Naïve Bayes model, and evaluating performance through a confusion matrix and classification accuracy. The preprocessing results yielded 1,125 clean data points suitable for analysis. The sentiment distribution showed a dominance of negative sentiment in 1,003 data points (89.16%), while positive sentiment accounted for 122 data points (10.84%). Model testing yielded an accuracy rate of 90.67%, indicating that the Naïve Bayes algorithm is capable of effectively identifying sentiment patterns in student textual data. The research findings indicate that although ChatGPT offers benefits in improving task completion efficiency, most students still have concerns regarding academic dependency, academic integrity, and a decline in critical thinking skills. The research results contribute to our understanding of students’ perceptions regarding the use of generative artificial intelligence in higher education settings.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: ChatGPT, Sentiment Analysis, Naïve Bayes, Machine Learning, Students.
  topic: keywords
creator: Irma Aprilia Sihite
creator: Gaberia Pasaribu
creator: Ketrina Angreyni
creator: Kristina Lumban Toruan
creator: Selvi Ulina br Silalahi
creator: Tiara Dolok Saribu
creator: Yulianus Bawamenewi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Irma Aprilia Sihite, Gaberia Pasaribu, Ketrina Angreyni, Kristina Lumban Toruan, Selvi Ulina br Silalahi, Tiara Dolok Saribu, Yulianus Bawamenewi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-19
publication date: 2026-06-19
starting page: 300
ending page: 309
doi: 10.65310/mfnvh217

Design of an Automated Water-Filling System for Gallons Using an Infrared Proximity Sensor
type: item
description: The need for a practical, hygienic, and efficient drinking water dispensing system has driven the development of sensor-based automated devices to replace the manual mechanisms still widely used in conventional gallon pumps. This study aims to design and implement an automated water-filling system for water jugs using an infrared proximity sensor as an object detector and a relay module to control a DC water pump. The method employed is an empirical experiment involving the design, assembly, implementation, and testing of a prototype. The system is designed using direct control principles without a microcontroller, resulting in a simple, economical, and easily replicable architecture. Testing was conducted by simulating actual usage conditions to evaluate the sensor’s detection capability, relay response, pump stability, operational safety, energy efficiency, hygiene of use, and the economic aspects of the design. The results of the study show that the system is capable of consistently detecting the presence of a glass, automatically activating the pump when an object is detected, and stopping the water flow when the object is no longer within the sensor’s range. The system also demonstrates good reliability, low power consumption, and relatively affordable design costs. These findings indicate that the integration of infrared proximity sensors and relays can be an effective solution to support the automation of water jug filling in both household and public facility settings.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Automation, Water Jugs, Infrared Proximity, DC Pump, Relay
  topic: keywords
creator: Gita Aubreza Safitri
creator: Ana Nur Avivah
creator: Enggar Bagus Pramudyanto
creator: Rio Umair Andica
creator: Eli Mas’idah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Gita Aubreza Safitri, Ana Nur Avivah, Enggar Bagus Pramudyanto, Rio Umair Andica, Eli Mas’idah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-18
publication date: 2026-06-18
starting page: 291
ending page: 299
doi: 10.65310/bwann311

Analysis of Bearing Capacity and Settlement of Shallow and Deep Foundations on Soft Soil
type: item
description: Soft soil in the Kaligawe Road area of Semarang is characterized by low bearing capacity and high compressibility, posing significant challenges in foundation planning for buildings. This study analyzes the bearing capacity and primary consolidation settlement of shallow foundations (spread footing) and deep foundations (pile foundation) on soft soil using SPT data from borehole BH-06 up to 60 m depth. Bearing capacity calculations were performed using the Meyerhof (1956) method for shallow foundations and the Meyerhof (1976) method for deep foundations, while primary consolidation settlement was calculated based on Terzaghi's consolidation theory with parameters Cc = 0.334 and e₀ = 1.347–1.410. The results indicate that the bearing capacity of deep foundations increases consistently with depth and pile diameter, with skin friction dominating the total bearing capacity. A settlement comparison at equivalent allowable bearing capacity values shows that shallow foundations produce the largest settlement (average Sc = 0.093 m), followed by deep foundations in a 2×2 configuration (average Sc = 0.063 m), while deep foundations in a 2×1 configuration yield the smallest settlement (average Sc = 0.037 m). Therefore, the 2×1 pile configuration is recommended as the most optimal foundation system for soft soil conditions at the study location.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Bearing Capacity, Meyerhof Method, Consolidation Settlement, Shallow Foundation, Soft Soil.
  topic: keywords
creator: Shobibur Rohman Zen
creator: Muhammad Edy Saputro
creator: Rifqi Brilyant Arief
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Shobibur Rohman Zen, Muhammad Edy Saputro, Rifqi Brilyant Arief (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-02
publication date: 2026-06-02
starting page: 280
ending page: 290
doi: 10.65310/x5yesv60

Development of a Manual Ice Shaver into an Automatic One to Improve Production Efficiency for MSMEs
type: item
description: This study aims to design and develop an automatic ice cream maker based on an electric motor to address efficiency challenges faced by small and medium-sized ice cream businesses that still use manual methods, with production times reaching 2–2.5 hours. The main problems identified include the high physical strain on operators, long production times, and inconsistent ice cream texture due to unstable manual churning. The methodology employed includes problem identification, anthropometric data collection, design development using a 12V DC motor system, and technical economic analysis. The research results indicate that this automated machine is capable of producing more stable and consistent rotation, accelerating the freezing process, and reducing work-related fatigue. Economically, this device has a production cost of Rp1,755,000 with a selling price of Rp2,018,250, where the break-even point is reached after selling 7 units. The implementation of this device is expected to increase the productivity and competitiveness of MSMEs through the modernization of appropriate technology that maintains the characteristics of traditional products.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Es Puter, Automation, Production Efficiency, SMEs, Electric Motor.
  topic: keywords
creator: Farhan Alrasyid Nasution
creator: Mohammad Iqbal Pratama
creator: Alvin Najihul Amin
creator: Adefito Wahyu Saputra
creator: Muhammad Sagaf
creator: Eli Mas’idah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Farhan Alrasyid Nasution, Mohammad Iqbal Pratama, Alvin Najihul Amin, Adefito Wahyu Saputra, Muhammad Sagaf, Eli Mas’idah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-02
publication date: 2026-06-02
starting page: 269
ending page: 279
doi: 10.65310/0zgbcm29

The Impact of Precast Concrete Use on the Implementation of Lean Construction in Construction Projects in Manokwari: A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) Approach
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the impact of precast concrete use on the implementation of Lean Construction in construction projects in Manokwari through a Systematic Literature Review approach. This study highlights the relationship between prefabrication-based construction technology and lean principles, which focus on reducing waste, improving time efficiency, and optimizing productivity and quality. Data were obtained from 25 scientific articles indexed in Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, published between 2015 and 2025, and analyzed using the PRISMA protocol. The synthesis results indicate that precast concrete can reduce material waste, shorten project duration, increase labor productivity, and produce more consistent work quality. The implementation of Lean becomes more effective when supported by a standardized precast system based on off-site production. In the context of Manokwari, this approach holds great potential for addressing logistical challenges and resource constraints, although it still faces infrastructure and initial cost barriers. These findings underscore the strategic role of precast concrete as a key enabler of Lean Construction in enhancing the performance of modern construction projects.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Precast Concrete, Lean Construction, Systematic Literature Review, Construction Efficiency, Manokwari.
  topic: keywords
creator: Natalia E Safkaur
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Natalia E Safkaur (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-21
publication date: 2026-05-21
starting page: 260
ending page: 268
doi: 10.65310/53sfvg40

Analysis of the Compressive, Tensile, and Flexural Strength of Concrete Using Limestone and Bestmittel as Additives
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the effect of adding limestone and bestmittel on the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength of concrete as an effort to improve the mechanical properties of concrete. The study employed a laboratory experimental method using test specimens in the form of concrete cylinders and beams consisting of normal concrete, variations with 10% limestone and 0.25% bestmittel, and 10% limestone and 0.5% bestmittel. Testing was conducted at 7 and 28 days of age through compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength tests. The results showed that the addition of limestone and bestmittel was able to improve concrete performance in certain mixtures. The highest compressive strength value was obtained in the 10% limestone and 0.25% bestmittel mixture, at 25.370 MPa at 28 days of age. Split tensile strength and flexural strength tests showed optimal results in the 10% limestone and 0.5% Bestmittel mixture, with split tensile strength of 2.205 MPa and flexural strength of 2.951 MPa. The addition of limestone and Bestmittel was proven to increase mixture density, improve workability, and enhance the mechanical quality of the concrete.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Concrete, Limestone, Bestmittel, Compressive Strength, Flexural Strength.
  topic: keywords
creator: Juanito Eka Setiawan
creator: Ricky Muhammad
creator: Antonius Antonius
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Juanito Eka Setiawan, Ricky Muhammad, Antonius Antonius (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-20
publication date: 2026-05-20
starting page: 249
ending page: 259
doi: 10.65310/gbspts61

The Effect of Repeated Earthquake Load Cycles on the Behavior of Geosynthetic-Reinforced Soil
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the effect of repeated seismic loading cycles on the mechanical behavior of geosynthetic-reinforced soil using a numerical simulation approach based on the finite element method. Modeling was performed using PLAXIS 2D v22, representing a 10-meter-high soil embankment on soft subgrade based on Standard Penetration Test data from the Solo–Yogyakarta Toll Road project at STA 0+616. Reinforcement systems using woven and non-woven geotextiles were modeled under cyclic loading conditions in the form of a sinusoidal wave with a maximum ground acceleration of 0.4562 g, a frequency of 0.8 Hz, and 50 loading cycles. The analysis results show that the use of geosynthetics is capable of improving system stability and significantly reducing deformation compared to unreinforced soil. Woven geotextiles produced the most optimal response with a maximum deformation of 2.699 × 10⁻³ m and a safety factor of 1.488 due to their higher tensile stiffness capacity. Non-woven geotextiles still improved soil performance, but their effectiveness was lower under repeated dynamic loading. The mechanical response of the soil is influenced by soil–geosynthetic interaction, dynamic stress distribution, reinforcement layer configuration, and cyclic loading characteristics. The research findings underscore the importance of integrating dynamic analysis into geotechnical design in earthquake-prone regions to enhance the long-term stability and resilience of infrastructure.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cyclic Earthquake Loading, Geosynthetics, PLAXIS 2D, Soil Stability, Soft Soil.
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Satria Pandu Justitia
creator: Taufik Efendi Fadil
creator: Pratikso Pratikso
creator: Lisa Fitriyana
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Satria Pandu Justitia, Taufik Efendi Fadil, Pratikso Pratikso, Lisa Fitriyana (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-14
publication date: 2026-05-14
starting page: 239
ending page: 248
doi: 10.65310/qgeje324

Analysis of the Compressive and Tensile Strength of Concrete Using Pumice as a Substitute for Fine Aggregate
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the effect of using pumice as a partial substitute for fine aggregate on the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, unit weight, and workability of lightweight concrete. The research method employed laboratory experiments with a design strength of fc’ 20 MPa based on SNI 7656:2012. The pumice substitution levels were set at 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% of the fine aggregate weight, with the addition of a superplasticizer at 0.5% of the cement weight. Tests were conducted at 7 and 28 days of concrete age using a Universal Testing Machine to obtain the concrete’s mechanical parameters. The results showed that increasing the pumice content caused a decrease in the concrete’s unit weight and slump value due to the high porosity and water absorption of the pumice aggregate. Substitution levels of 5% and 10% still produced relatively stable compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength, meeting the design quality standards for normal concrete. A 15% substitution showed a more significant decrease in mechanical strength due to increased internal voids and weak interlocking between materials. This study confirms that pumice has the potential to be used as an alternative material in the development of lightweight concrete with controlled weight efficiency and mechanical performance.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Pumice, Lightweight Concrete, Compressive Strength, Splitting Tensile Strength, Fine Aggregate Substitution.
  topic: keywords
creator: Firdaus Rizal Auliya Hadi
creator: Ditya Ikram Rif’aa
creator: Pratikso Pratikso
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Firdaus Rizal Auliya Hadi, Ditya Ikram Rif’aa, Pratikso Pratikso (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-13
publication date: 2026-05-13
starting page: 229
ending page: 238
doi: 10.65310/r0rkfq55

Analysis of Production Bottlenecks Caused by Rusted Materials Using the Theory of Constraints Method at Workshop 2 of PT. Triangle Motorindo
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze production bottlenecks caused by rusty materials using the Theory of Constraints approach at Workshop 2 of PT. Triangle Motorindo, which manufactures three-wheeled vehicle frames. The study employs an empirical, case-study-based method through direct observation of the production process, measurement of work time, recording of the quantity of rusty materials, and evaluation of effective production capacity. Data were analyzed using the stages of constraint identification, constraint exploitation, process subordination, constraint elevation, and constraint re-evaluation to determine the impact of rusty materials on production throughput. The results indicate that rusty materials cause an average additional grinding time of 10 minutes per unit, thereby reducing effective production capacity and triggering idle time at the welding, assembly, and painting stations. Total production time loss reached 260 minutes with a decrease in output of 30 units during the observation period. The implementation of a constraint elevation strategy through the addition of grinding machines, the allocation of dedicated operators, and the use of rust-resistant materials successfully reduced backlogged units to 5 units per week and increased daily output efficiency to over 95%. The research findings underscore the importance of material quality control in maintaining the stability of production flow in metal fabrication-based manufacturing.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Bottleneck, Production Capacity, Corroded Materials, Theory of Constraints, Production Throughput.
  topic: keywords
creator: Ilham Amri Yafi
creator: Nurwidiana Nurwidiana
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ilham Amri Yafi, Nurwidiana Nurwidiana (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-13
publication date: 2026-05-13
starting page: 219
ending page: 228
doi: 10.65310/mc3qrq79

Evaluation of the Construction Safety Management System (CSMS) for the Phase 1 Flood Control Project in Semarang
type: item
description: The construction sector has a high rate of workplace accidents, necessitating the implementation of an effective Construction Safety Management System (CSMS) to minimize potential hazards. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the CSMS in the Phase I Flood Control Project of the Tenggang System in Semarang City, assess its compliance with Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing Regulation No. 10 of 2021, and analyze the level of compliance based on respondents’ perceptions. The method used was quantitative descriptive analysis through the distribution of questionnaires to 25 respondents from the Supervising Consultant team of PT Nindya–Sacna KSO. Data analysis was conducted using validity tests, reliability tests, calculation of mean values, and the Relative Importance Index (RII) using IBM SPSS Statistics. The research results indicate that all statement items are valid and reliable, with very high Cronbach’s Alpha values of 0.975, 0.909, and 0.928. The mean values fell into the high to very high categories, ranging from 4.76 to 4.96. This indicates that the implementation of SMKK has been optimal, in accordance with regulations, and has a good level of compliance, although continuous improvement is still needed to maintain consistency in its implementation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Workplace accidents, compliance, construction, safety, SMKK.
  topic: keywords
creator: Andini Nadya Rahmawati
creator: Anggit Tri Yatri
creator: Eko Muliawan Satrio
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Andini Nadya Rahmawati, Anggit Tri Yatri, Eko Muliawan Satrio (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-10
publication date: 2026-05-10
starting page: 197
ending page: 205
doi: 10.65310/h2kacc31

Performance Evaluation of Slope Stabilization on High Embankments Using Gabions Based on Plaxis V24.3.0 Analysis: A Case Study of Candisari, Semarang City
type: item
description: This study evaluates the performance of gabion reinforcement in mitigating slope failure on a high embankment slope in Candisari, Semarang City, using finite element analysis based on PLAXIS V24.3.0. The research integrates field observations, laboratory geotechnical testing, and numerical simulation to investigate slope deformation behavior, safety factor characteristics, and hydro mechanical responses under varying groundwater conditions. The numerical model was developed using plane strain analysis with staged construction procedures and strength reduction factor methods to represent actual field conditions. The results indicate that the unreinforced slope experienced significant deformation and a critical safety factor associated with progressive failure mechanisms. The installation of gabion structures improved slope stability by reducing horizontal and vertical displacement, redistributing effective stress, and shifting the slip surface away from the critical zone. Variations in groundwater level significantly affected slope performance through increased pore water pressure and reduced effective stress conditions. The study confirms that gabion reinforcement provides effective structural resistance for high embankment slopes, although hydraulic sensitivity remains a controlling factor in long term stability performance.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Gabion Reinforcement, Slope Stability, Finite Element Analysis, Groundwater Variation, PLAXIS V24.3.0.
  topic: keywords
creator: Nazala Trisnadyani
creator: Nur Mukti Afiatillah
creator: Lisa Fitriyana
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Nazala Trisnadyani, Nur Mukti Afiatillah, Lisa Fitriyana (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-13
publication date: 2026-05-13
starting page: 206
ending page: 218
doi: 10.65310/4kj9y876

Analysis of the Impact of Workforce Competence on the Effectiveness of Production Technology Adoption
type: item
description: This study examines the effect of workforce competence on the effectiveness of production technology utilization in the manufacturing industry through a quantitative empirical approach with a causal research design. Workforce competence was operationalized through technical operating skills, work experience, and training intensity, while production technology effectiveness was measured using productivity level, production cycle efficiency, and defect rate indicators. Data were collected from production operators working in semi-automated and automated manufacturing systems using structured questionnaires and production documentation. Statistical analysis was conducted using simple linear regression to evaluate the relationship between workforce competence and production technology effectiveness. The findings indicate that workforce competence has a significant positive influence on production productivity, operational stability, process efficiency, and product quality consistency. Operators with higher competence levels demonstrated better adaptability toward industrial technology implementation and machine-based production systems. The study also highlights the strategic importance of competency development, ergonomic work systems, and continuous training programs in strengthening industrial competitiveness and supporting sustainable manufacturing performance within technology-oriented production environments.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Workforce Competence, Production Technology, Manufacturing Productivity, Industrial Efficiency, Human-Machine Integration.
  topic: keywords
creator: Azra Bayu Afrianto
creator: Syahru Rifky
creator: Fazri Achmad Nur Fadilah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Azra Bayu Afrianto, Syahru Rifky, Fazri Achmad Nur Fadilah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-09
publication date: 2026-05-09
starting page: 186
ending page: 196
doi: 10.65310/mnby1w50

The Effect of Product Load Variations on Compressor Performance in a Brine-Cooled Ice Maker System
type: item
description: Refrigeration systems play a crucial role in cooling and freezing processes within low-temperature-based industries. In brine cooling-based ice maker systems, performance is highly dependent on the compressor as the primary component in the vapor compression cycle. Variations in product load lead to changes in heat load, which directly affect compressor work and energy consumption. This study aims to analyze the effect of product load variations on compressor work and electrical power consumption. An experimental method was employed with load variations of 25, 30, and 35 water packages (0.8 kg per package). The observed parameters included pressure, temperature, compressor work, and power consumption. Data were collected through direct measurements using K-type thermocouples, manifold gauges, and watt meters, and subsequently analyzed based on vapor compression cycle equations. The results indicate that increasing the product load raises compressor work from 72.54 kJ/kg to 73.47 kJ/kg and power consumption from 5797.8 Watts to 6842.86 Watts. Additionally, higher loads result in increased discharge pressure, compressor outlet temperature, and longer freezing time. It can be concluded that product load significantly affects system performance and energy consumption.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Product Load, Brine Cooling, Power Consumption, Compressor Work, Refrigeration System.
  topic: keywords
creator: Marvelyano Petra Sampara
creator: Cendy Sophia Edwina Tupamahu
creator: Sefnath Josep Etwan Sarwuna
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Marvelyano Petra Sampara, Cendy Sophia Edwina Tupamahu, Sefnath Josep Etwan Sarwuna (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-29
publication date: 2026-04-29
starting page: 177
ending page: 185
doi: 10.65310/1y3dt168

Analysis of the Effectiveness of the Deep Soil Mixing Method in Improving the Stability of Soft Soil in Highway Construction
type: item
description: The construction of toll roads on soft soil frequently encounters geotechnical problems in the form of excessive ground settlement and low embankment stability, which may lead to structural failure if appropriate ground improvement measures are not implemented. Deep Soil Mixing (DSM) is a ground improvement technique in which in-situ soil is mixed with a binding agent to increase shear strength and reduce soil compressibility. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the DSM method in improving the stability of soft soil for toll road construction and to evaluate the influence of variations in column spacing and depth on soil deformation and safety factors. The study was conducted as a case study of the Probolinggo–Banyuwangi Toll Road Development Project, Package 2, at STA 16+550–STA 16+600, using analytical approaches and numerical modeling based on the finite element method with PLAXIS 2D software. Analyses were performed for conditions without ground improvement and with DSM improvement using two configurations, namely a column spacing of 1.5 m with a depth of 8 m and a column spacing of 1 m with a depth of 6 m. The results indicate that the application of the DSM method significantly increases the safety factor and reduces soft soil deformation, with a closer column spacing configuration demonstrating more optimal performance in enhancing embankment stability.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Soft Soil, Deep Soil Mixing, Soil Stability, Deformation, Toll Road.
  topic: keywords
creator: Ababiel Ashabussidiq
creator: Jerrico Naufal Hibban
creator: Rifqi Brilyant Arief
creator: Rinda Karlinasari
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ababiel Ashabussidiq, Jerrico Naufal Hibban, Rifqi Brilyant Arief , Rinda Karlinasari (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-27
publication date: 2026-02-27
starting page: 160
ending page: 176
doi: 10.65310/663qz567

Analysis of the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Paving Blocks with the Addition of Plastic and Crumb Rubber
type: item
description: Paving blocks are construction materials made from a mixture of cement, sand, aggregate, and water. Typically, paving blocks are molded in square or rectangular shapes and are used as surface coverings for roads, sidewalks, parking lots, and other public areas. One of the reasons why paving blocks are popular is because of their load-bearing ability, durability, and aesthetic appearance. This research aims to analyze paving blocks used in construction. Another objective of the research conducted was to analyze the opportunity of using added materials, namely recycled plastic and crumb rubber in making paving blocks, which aims to produce quality and sustainable products. In experimental research, the first step is to determine the variation in the composition of the additives used. Next, paving blocks are made through a dry mixing process until they are homogeneous, then molded using hexagonal molds and compacted manually. After that, the test objects undergo a curing process for 28 days before testing. Testing of paving blocks includes compressive strength and water absorption tests to determine the effect of adding additives on the quality and performance of the modified paving blocks. The results showed that the addition of plastic and crumb rubber can increase the strength of paving blocks and ensure flexibility and the product itself, reduce production costs and effective use of industrial waste.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Blocks, Recycled HDPE Plastic, Crumb Rubber, Compressive Strength, Water Absorption.
  topic: keywords
creator: Benigno Faza Akbari
creator: Muhammad Aufa Ahda Athoillah
creator: Juny Andry Sulistyo
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Benigno Faza Akbari, Muhammad Aufa Ahda Athoillah, Juny Andry Sulistyo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-24
publication date: 2026-02-24
starting page: 145
ending page: 159
doi: 10.65310/ykca8k79

Implementation of Green Building in Construction Projects in Manokwari with a Lean Construction Approach
type: item
description: The construction sector significantly contributes to global energy consumption and carbon emissions, necessitating integrated strategies that combine operational efficiency and environmental sustainability. This study develops a conceptual Lean–Green integration model for construction projects in Manokwari through a Systematic Literature Review following the PRISMA protocol. The analysis synthesizes empirical findings published between 2018 and 2026 to examine the causal relationships between Lean Construction practices and Green Building performance indicators. The results indicate that Lean–Green integration potentially reduces material waste by 15–35%, decreases project costs by 10–20%, and improves operational energy efficiency by up to 30%. The proposed input–process–output framework identifies managerial commitment, workforce capability, regulatory support, and digital technology integration as critical determinants of successful implementation. The discussion highlights organizational culture, risk management, supply chain integration, and BIM-based digitalization as strategic enablers in peripheral regions with logistical constraints.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Lean Construction, Green Building, Sustainable Construction, Waste Reduction, BIM Integration.
  topic: keywords
creator: Natalia E Safkaur
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Natalia E Safkaur (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-20
publication date: 2025-06-20
starting page: 48
ending page: 58
doi: 10.65310/mansz354

Restructuring the Building's Substructure with Pile Foundations: A Case Study of the Batang III Industrial Workers' Apartment Building Construction Project JTGRSN21-03
type: item
description: Pile foundations play an important role in ensuring the stability of multi storey buildings subjected to axial loads, lateral loads, and moments. In the Batang III Industrial Worker Housing Project (JTGRSN21-03), the original foundation system used bored piles. This study redesigns the foundation into spun piles with a diameter of 0.80 m and a length of 12 m under the same soil conditions and loads. The research methodology was conducted through analysis of three foundation joints. Axial bearing capacity was evaluated using the Meyerhof method, resulting in a tip resistance of 946.00 kN, skin friction resistance of 2,970.37 kN, ultimate bearing capacity of 3,916.37 kN, and allowable bearing capacity of 1,305.46 kN. Lateral bearing capacity was analyzed using the Broms method with an allowable capacity of 162.0 kN. Group pile bearing capacity was determined using the Converse Labarre method. Settlement analysis using the Vesic method showed a single pile settlement of 22.69 mm and group settlements of 50.2 mm at joint 599, 41.8 mm at joint 628, and 21.0 mm at joint 371. Plaxis analysis produced smaller settlements of 13.94 mm, 13.44 mm, and 9.19 mm. The pile cap and shear wall design is considered safe.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Bearing Capacity, Foundation, Settlement, Pile Cap, Redesign.
  topic: keywords
creator: Abimanyu Wahyu P.S.P.
creator: Adi Prasetyo Pambudi
creator: Soedarsono Soedarsono
creator: Lisa Fitriyana
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Abimanyu Wahyu P.S.P., Adi Prasetyo Pambudi, Soedarsono Soedarsono, Lisa Fitriyana (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-24
publication date: 2026-02-24
starting page: 135
ending page: 144
doi: 10.65310/715f1x10

Analysis of Traffic Impact Due to Road Repairs on Majapahit Road in Semarang: A Case Study of Majapahit Road, Semarang City
type: item
description: The growth of urban activities in Semarang City has led to an increase in traffic movement, particularly along Jalan Majapahit, which serves as a primary corridor connecting the city center with residential and industrial areas. Road rehabilitation works on this segment caused lane narrowing, resulting in reduced road capacity and affecting overall traffic performance. This study aims to analyze traffic characteristics and road performance on Jalan Majapahit before and during the road rehabilitation period. The evaluated parameters include traffic volume, side friction, road capacity, degree of saturation (DS), and level of service (LOS), based on the Indonesian Road Capacity Guidelines (PKJI 2023). The research method involved field surveys consisting of vehicle volume counts, side friction observations, and geometric road measurements. The collected data were then analyzed to determine road capacity and degree of saturation under both conditions. The results indicate that before rehabilitation, the degree of saturation reached approximately 0.736, representing relatively stable traffic conditions. However, during the rehabilitation period, the DS increased to 1.192, indicating that traffic demand exceeded road capacity, leading to congestion, reduced vehicle speeds, and traffic queues. Consequently, the level of service deteriorated from category C before rehabilitation to category E during rehabilitation
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Jalan Majapahit, Road Performance, Traffic Volume, Degree of Saturation, Level of Service, PKJI 2023.
  topic: keywords
creator: Tarekh Al Aziz
creator: Zuhair Zuhdi
creator: Rachmat Mudiyono
creator: Juny Andry Sulistyo
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Tarekh Al Aziz, Zuhair Zuhdi, Rachmat Mudiyono, Juny Andry Sulistyo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-24
publication date: 2026-02-24
starting page: 122
ending page: 134
doi: 10.65310/veqrwf61

K3 Performance Evaluation in the Ibrahim Tower Construction Project Phase 1 at Roemani Muhammadiyah Hospital in Semarang
type: item
description: This study evaluates Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) performance in the Ibrahim Tower Phase 1 Construction Project at Roemani Muhammadiyah Hospital, Semarang, using a field-based empirical quantitative descriptive-evaluative approach. The research integrates hazard identification, frequency rate measurement, and assessment of preventive implementation to determine overall safety performance. From 203 identified potential hazards within the project’s SMK3 documentation, 39 were verified as actual occurrences, representing 19.21 percent of the total identified hazards. Frequency Rate calculations based on 985,600 working hours indicate that all actual hazard variables fall within the low-risk category (FR ≤ 5), demonstrating controlled accident intensity. Questionnaire analysis involving managerial and operational personnel reveals good to very good levels of preventive implementation, supporting the low frequency findings. The integration of documented safety systems, empirical verification, quantitative risk measurement, and organizational commitment suggests that the project’s OHS management system functions effectively.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Occupational Health and Safety, Frequency Rate, Risk Management, Construction Project, SMK3.
  topic: keywords
creator: Alan Adi Nugroho
creator: Eko Muliawan satrio
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Alan Adi Nugroho, Eko Muliawan satrio (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-21
publication date: 2026-02-21
starting page: 111
ending page: 121
doi: 10.65310/f8ca6d09

Soil Stabilization Using Ferronickel Slag and Alkali Mixture
type: item
description: The Kendal Industrial Park (KIK), Central Java, is characterized by soft clay soil with low bearing capacity, requiring improvement before being used as a construction foundation. This study aims to determine soil classification, analyze the effect of ferronickel slag and alkali (NaOH and KOH) mixtures, and evaluate the potential of these mixtures as soil stabilization materials. The research was conducted experimentally in the laboratory through specific gravity tests, grain size distribution analysis, Atterberg limits, Standard Proctor compaction test, direct shear test, and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test. The mixture variations used consisted of 10% ferronickel slag combined with alkali solutions of NaOH and KOH at concentrations of 6%, 8%, and 10%. The results showed that the original soil was classified as fine-grained soil with high plasticity and a CBR value of 5.6%, indicating low bearing capacity. The addition of ferronickel slag and alkali reduced soil plasticity and increased soil strength and bearing capacity. Therefore, the mixture of ferronickel slag and alkali has the potential to be used as an environmentally friendly alternative soil stabilization material.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Soil Stabilization, Ferronickel Slag, Alkali, Clay Soil, CBR.
  topic: keywords
creator: Soma Shaki Hadi Nugraha
creator: Dzulfikar Sani
creator: Lisa Fitriyana
creator: Juny Andry Sulistyo
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Soma Shaki Hadi Nugraha, Dzulfikar Sani, Lisa Fitriyana, Juny Andry Sulistyo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-21
publication date: 2026-02-21
starting page: 96
ending page: 110
doi: 10.65310/vrm3vy68

Analysis of Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course (AC-WC) with the Addition of Latex and Rice Husk Ash in Road Pavement
type: item
description: Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course (AC-WC) is a wearing layer on flexible pavements that directly receives traffic loads and environmental influences. However, conventional mixtures are still susceptible to plastic deformation, fatigue cracking, and water damage, so material modification is needed to improve their performance. This study aims to analyze the effect of adding latex and rice husk ash on the Marshall characteristics of AC-WC and to determine the optimal mixture variation. Laboratory experimental methods were used with 60/70 penetration asphalt, aggregates in accordance with the 2025 General Specifications for Highways, latex as an additive, and rice husk ash as a filler, with variations of 0%, 4%, 7%, and 9% latex and 0%, 3%, 6%, and 7% rice husk ash. Marshall test results showed that the combination of materials significantly affected the stability, flow, and stiffness of the mixture, while still meeting Bina Marga technical requirements. The best mixture was obtained with 3% latex and 6% rice husk ash, with VIM 4.82%, VMA 21.63%, VFB 78.01%, stability 831.17 kg, flow 3.73 mm, and MQ 222.33 kg/mm, making this variation recommended as the optimal and environmentally friendly AC-WC mixture.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: AC-WC, Latex, Rice Husk Ash, Marshall, Road Pavement.
  topic: keywords
creator: Prabowo Pujito
creator: Zida Shofwan Azhim
creator: Eko Muliawan Satrio
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Prabowo Pujito, Zida Shofwan Azhim, Eko Muliawan Satrio (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-20
publication date: 2026-02-20
starting page: 79
ending page: 95
doi: 10.65310/eamtj865

Comparative Study of Compressive Strength and Tensile Strength of Self-Compacting Concrete with Fly Ash and Silica Fume Substitutions
type: item
description: Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) is an innovative concrete that can flow and compact itself without a compactor, making it highly effective for use in structures with dense reinforcement and complex shapes. However, the high cement requirements of SCC increase costs and carbon emissions, necessitating alternatives in the form of pozzolanic material substitutions such as fly ash and silica fume. This study aimed to analyze the effect of these two materials on the compressive and splitting tensile strength of SCC concrete through experimental methods with substitution variations of 0%, 10%, and 15% of the cement weight, as well as testing of fresh properties according to standards. The results showed that pozzolanic material substitution improved the mechanical performance of SCC, but to varying degrees. The addition of 10% fly ash only provided a moderate increase in compressive strength of approximately 4% at 28 days and had no significant effect on splitting tensile strength. On the other hand, 10% silica fume proved to be the most optimal composition because it produced the highest compressive strength of 57.49 MPa (an increase of about 28% from normal concrete) and increased the splitting tensile strength to 3.58 MPa, making it more effective for high-quality SCC.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Fly Ash, Compressive Strength, Split Tensile Strength, Self-Compacting Concrete, Silica Fume.
  topic: keywords
creator: Anandha Risal Ariyanto
creator: Ahmad Nur Syariffudin
creator: Antonius Antonius
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Anandha Risal Ariyanto, Ahmad Nur Syariffudin, Antonius Antonius (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-20
publication date: 2026-02-20
starting page: 59
ending page: 78
doi: 10.65310/8rdzcs84

https://scriptaintelektual.com/scripta-technica/article/view/772
type: item
title: Performance Engineering of Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course (AC-WC) Based on Biomass Waste: Experimental Study of Palm Kernel Shell and Dammar Resin Modification on Marshall Characteristics and Volumetric Parameters
description: Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course (AC-WC) road pavement functions as a crucial wearing layer to maintain its performance and service life, but conventional asphalt still faces problems with its high cost and dependence on non-renewable natural resources. Therefore, this study analyzes the use of palm kernel shell waste and dammar resin as a modified AC-WC mixture, looking at its Marshall characteristics and suitability to Bina Marga specifications. The method used is an experimental laboratory with variations of palm kernel shells of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% plus dammar resin of 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%. Marshall tests check stability, flow, VIM, VMA, VFA, and MQ according to SNI and Bina Marga. The results show that the addition of both has a positive effect, with the optimum at 7.5% palm kernel shells and 6% dammar resin increasing stability and meeting technical standards, making it highly potential as an environmentally friendly and cost-effective alternative
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: AC-WC, Coconut Shells, Palm Oil, Damar Resin, Marshall Test
  topic: keywords
creator: Danang Wahyu kurniawan
creator: Fathul Hidayat AR Rizqi
creator: Rachmat Mudiyono
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Danang Wahyu kurniawan, Fathul Hidayat AR Rizqi, Rachmat Mudiyono (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-20
publication date: 2026-02-20
starting page: 49
ending page: 58
doi: 10.65310/jan3y995

Optimizing Construction Project Performance through the Lean Construction Approach in Manokwari
type: item
description: This study examines the optimization of school websites as information centers through the integration of alumni directories and organizational structures to enhance institutional communication and data management effectiveness. The research highlights that a well-structured website system not only functions as a medium for information dissemination but also as an integrated institutional database that supports digital-based governance in educational environments. The integration of alumni directories facilitates sustainable communication between schools and graduates, enabling stronger institutional networks and broader stakeholder engagement. The transparent presentation of organizational structures improves institutional accountability and accessibility of information for internal and external users. The synergy between these integrated features contributes to the development of an adaptive and responsive information system capable of supporting administrative needs and public communication. Ultimately, this implementation enhances the quality of educational information services and strengthens the institutional image in responding to the demands of digital transformation in the era of information technology.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: School Website Optimization, Alumni Directory Integration, Organizational Structure Transparency, Information Management, Digital Governance.
  topic: keywords
creator: Natalia E Safkaur
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Natalia E Safkaur (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-20
publication date: 2026-02-20
starting page: 39
ending page: 48
doi: 10.65310/gqqaaq22

Analysis of Time and Cost Efficiency of Conventional Methods and Steel Decks in Highway Bridge Deck Slab Construction
type: item
description: This study investigates the comparative efficiency of conventional cast-in-situ and steel deck methods for bridge deck slab construction in the Kapuk–Teluknaga–Rajeg Toll Road Project Phase I, Banten Province, Indonesia. The research applies a field-based empirical case study design with a quantitative approach, using primary data from site observations and structured interviews, and secondary data from shop drawings, project specifications, and cost documents. Cost estimation was conducted using unit price-based analysis following AHSP standards regulated by Permen PUPR No. 28/PRT/M/2016, while construction duration was calculated based on actual productivity and activity sequencing. The results indicate that the conventional method required 17 working days with a total cost of Rp 592,003,970, whereas the steel deck method required only 8 working days with a total cost of Rp 553,984,460. These findings demonstrate that steel deck provides a 52.94% reduction in construction time and a 6.42% cost saving. The study further shows that steel deck shifts project cost structure from labor-intensive operations to controlled material-based execution, improving schedule reliability and construction productivity.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Steel Deck, Cast In Situ, Deck Slab, Cost Efficiency, Time Efficiency.
  topic: keywords
creator: Kodrat Insany Taqwim
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Kodrat Insany Taqwim (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-19
publication date: 2026-02-19
starting page: 21
ending page: 38
doi: 10.65310/0gqrfs14

Evaluation of the Synchronization of Excavation and Loading Equipment and Cover Layer Removal Transport Equipment at PT XXY
type: item
description: This study evaluates the operational synchronization between loading and hauling equipment in overburden stripping activities at PT XXY, South Sumatra, using an empirical field-based approach conducted from April to June 2025. The system architecture consists of one excavator and several Off Highway Trucks operating within a single active mining front. Primary data were obtained through direct cycle time measurements of at least 30 representative cycles per unit, supported by secondary technical parameters including bucket capacity, swell factor, hauling distance, and effective working hours. Productivity analysis indicates an initial output of 367.81 BCM/hour with a match factor of 0.96, reflecting capacity imbalance and excavator waiting time. Simulation of fleet adjustment to eight hauling units increased productivity to 420.36 BCM/hour and improved system balance while reducing specific fuel consumption from 0.41 to 0.37 liter/BCM. Efficiency evaluation demonstrates that synchronization directly influences operational utilization, energy intensity, and production target achievement.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Overburden Stripping, Match Factor, Equipment Synchronization, Mining Productivity, Fuel Efficiency.
  topic: keywords
creator: Yopan Yopan
creator: Ahmad Husni
creator: Rodiyah Nursani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Yopan Yopan, Ahmad Husni, Rodiyah Nursani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-15
publication date: 2026-02-15
starting page: 10
ending page: 20
doi: 10.65310/13vb1212

Evaluation of Occupational Safety and Health Implementation in the Transportation of Overburden from the Mining Front to Disposal at PT X Lahat, South Sumatra
type: item
description: Overburden transportation constitutes a critical stage in open-pit mining operations, characterized by a high level of safety risk and a direct influence on production continuity. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) in overburden hauling activities from the mining front to the disposal area at PT X, Lahat Regency, South Sumatra. The research employed a descriptive design integrating qualitative and quantitative approaches. Data were collected through field observations, interviews with relevant stakeholders, questionnaires administered to workers and heavy-equipment operators, and hazard identification alongside risk assessment using the Risk Assessment Matrix. The findings indicate that OSH implementation at PT X can be classified as satisfactory, as reflected in the high level of compliance with personal protective equipment usage, routine safety briefings, adequate safety signage, and active supervision by OSH personnel. Risk analysis shows that most hauling activities fall within low to moderate risk categories, although several hazards still require additional control measures. Overall, the OSH system in overburden transportation operates effectively; nevertheless, continuous evaluation remains essential to enhance operational safety and further reduce accident potential.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Hauling, Occupational Safety, Open-Pit Mining, Work Risk, Overburden Transportation.
  topic: keywords
creator: Sefi Aranda
creator: Reni Arisanti
creator: Ahmad Husni
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Sefi Aranda, Reni Arisanti, Ahmad Husni (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-15
publication date: 2026-02-15
starting page: 01
ending page: 09
doi: 10.65310/41y7w230

Analysis of Modified Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course (AC-WC) with the Addition of Wood Ash and Styrofoam Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) for Road Pavement
type: item
description: This laboratory-based quantitative experimental study evaluated the performance of Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course (AC-WC) modified with wood ash as filler and Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) styrofoam as asphalt additive. The research verified the base binder through penetration testing, yielding an average penetration value of 69.4, confirming the use of 60/70 penetration grade asphalt. Asphalt content was validated using extraction testing, resulting in an average binder content of 5.80%, ensuring consistency between design and actual mixture composition. Marshall testing was conducted to assess mechanical and volumetric characteristics, including stability, flow, Marshall Quotient (MQ), VMA, VIM, and VFB. The results demonstrated that EPS dosage significantly influenced volumetric balance and load resistance within the mixture. Among the evaluated combinations using 4% wood ash and EPS levels of 0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%, the optimum performance was achieved at 1.5% EPS, which satisfied key Bina Marga 2018 Revision 2 requirements for VIM, VMA, VFB, stability, and flow. However, MQ values remained below specification for all mixtures, indicating limitations in stiffness–deformation ratio and the need for further optimization and durability testing.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: AC-WC, Wood Ash, EPS Styrofoam, Marshall Test, Asphalt Modification.
  topic: keywords
creator: Pradita Setya Ningtyias
creator: Siti Fatimah
creator: Rachmat Mudiyono
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Pradita Setya Ningtyias, Siti Fatimah, Rachmat Mudiyono (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 410
ending page: 422
doi: 10.65310/a7qp5y50

AC-WC Analysis Using a Mixture of Shell Waste and Waste Glass as Additives for Road Pavement
type: item
description: This study evaluates the performance of Asphalt Concrete-Wearing Course (AC-WC) mixtures incorporating shell waste and waste glass as additives for sustainable pavement applications. The optimum asphalt content was determined at 5.8% using the Marshall method, producing balanced volumetric and mechanical properties that satisfy heavy traffic specifications. Waste glass addition without shell waste increased mixture stiffness but did not consistently achieve optimal stability due to volumetric imbalance. A synergistic effect was observed when shell waste and waste glass were combined. The mixture containing 5% shell waste and 5% waste glass demonstrated the most favorable performance, characterized by higher stability, proportional Marshall Quotient, controlled air void distribution, and improved structural integrity. Increasing shell waste content to 7.5% and 10% did not enhance performance and tended to reduce volumetric balance. Economic evaluation indicates a material cost reduction of approximately 1.72% per kilometer compared to conventional mixtures, without compromising mechanical performance. The findings confirm that the optimal incorporation of shell waste and waste glass is technically feasible and economically beneficial for sustainable AC-WC pavement construction.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: AC-WC, Shell Waste, Waste Glass, Marshall Stability, Sustainable Pavement
  topic: keywords
creator: Nur Rahman
creator: Singgih Aji Saputra
creator: Rachmat Mudiyono
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Nur Rahman, Singgih Aji Saputra, Rachmat Mudiyono (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 400
ending page: 409
doi: 10.65310/ze86wb69

Designing a Real-Time Internet of Things (IoT)-Based Home Safe Security Monitoring System via Telegram Bot
type: item
description: This study presents the design and development of a real-time IoT-based monitoring security system for home safes integrated with Telegram Bot notifications. The proposed system employs NodeMCU ESP8266 as the main controller, combined with an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor for motion detection and an MPU-6500 vibration sensor for shock recognition. When suspicious movement or abnormal vibration is detected, the system activates a local buzzer alarm and triggers an automatic solenoid door lock mechanism through a relay module. Simultaneously, warning messages are transmitted instantly to users via Telegram Bot and displayed on a web-based monitoring dashboard. Experimental evaluation indicates that the ultrasonic sensor achieved an average measurement error of ±1.6 cm, while vibration detection responded within 0.2–0.5 seconds. The solenoid locking mechanism demonstrated 100% success across all test scenarios. Telegram notifications were delivered with an average latency of 1.33 seconds, depending on network quality. The optimization stage improved detection stability, reduced false alarms, and enhanced system reliability. Overall, the developed prototype offers an effective and low-cost smart security solution for domestic safe protection.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: IoT security system, home safe monitoring, Telegram Bot notification, NodeMCU ESP8266, smart lock automation.
  topic: keywords
creator: Yesaya IXVois Hendrikus Sereh
creator: Mizanul Achlaq
creator: Agung Widodo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Yesaya IXVois Hendrikus Sereh, Mizanul Achlaq, Agung Widodo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-08
publication date: 2026-02-08
starting page: 386
ending page: 399
doi: 10.65310/8qwf4j25