Journal of Social Humanities and Education
Scripta Humanika: Journal of Social Humanities and Educationn is a scientific journal that publishes research articles, conceptual studies, and critical thinking in the fields of social sciences, humanities, and education. This journal aims to be an academic platform for researchers, lecturers, students, and practitioners to present relevant, up-to-date, and solution-oriented scientific ideas in response to the dynamics of society and the world of education. The journal's scope covers various disciplines such as sociology, anthropology, philosophy, communication, culture, as well as contemporary educational issues, including education policy, curriculum, law, economics, and learning innovation.
The Transformation of Mobile Learning Before and After the Covid-19 Pandemic: The Role of Librarians in Strengthening Online and Hybrid Learning
This study examines the transformation of mobile learning before and after the COVID-19 pandemic and analyzes the evolving role of librarians in strengthening online and hybrid learning in higher education. Using a non-empirical literature-based approach, the research synthesizes recent scholarly works to map structural changes in digital pedagogy, learning models, and information mediation. The findings indicate that mobile learning has shifted from a supplementary instructional tool to a central learning infrastructure that reshapes interaction, access, and knowledge construction. Online and hybrid learning environments demand robust information ecosystems in which librarians function as pedagogical mediators, supporting digital literacy, resource curation, and continuity of learning experiences. Comparative analysis with prior studies reveals that librarian engagement enhances learner autonomy, reduces digital inequities, and improves the sustainability of technology integration. Conceptually, the study positions academic libraries as strategic nodes within digital education systems. The research concludes that effective mobile learning implementation depends on the synergy between technological innovation, institutional design, and librarian-led knowledge facilitation that aligns pedagogical flexibility with academic rigor.
Mobile Learning, Pustakawan, Pembelajaran Daring, Pendidikan Tinggi, Transformasi Digital.
Copyright (c) 2025 Daniel Pandapotan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Balancing Economic Opportunities And Security Risks In The Pakistan, Afghanistan, And Central Asia Corridor: Sosiology Law
This research explores the strategic and economic significance of the Pakistan–Afghanistan Central Asia corridor, a region historically linked by the ancient Silk Road and now positioned at the heart of modern connectivity initiatives such as China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). While the corridor offers vast potential for trade, energy, and regional integration, it simultaneously faces persistent challenges of insecurity, political instability, and great power rivalry. The study examines whether economic integration can serve as a catalyst for peace or whether stability must first be secured to enable development. Drawing on economic, security, and geopolitical perspectives, the paper argues that peace and prosperity are mutually reinforcing rather than sequential goals. Projects such as TAPI and CASA-1000 demonstrate the potential of shared economic interests to promote cooperation; however, insecurity in Afghanistan and identity-based divisions continue to threaten progress. The analysis recommends an inclusive economic approach, a joint regional security mechanism, balanced engagement with major powers, and gradual, community-centered integration. Ultimately, sustainable peace in the corridor depends on parallel progress in both security and development. If managed wisely, the corridor can transform from a zone of tension into a platform for interregional cooperation and shared prosperity.
Afghanistan, Belt and Road Initiative, Central Asia, economic integration, Pakistan.
Copyright (c) 2026 Arief Fahmi Lubis (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Legal Certainty of Termination of Employment due to Company Efficiency Based on Law Number 6 of 2023 concerning Job Creation
Termination of employment (PHK) due to company efficiency poses significant legal and social challenges in Indonesia, especially after the enactment of Law Number 6 of 2023 concerning Job Creation. This study uses a normative juridical approach to analyze legal provisions, court decisions, and legal literature related to efficiency-based PHK, with a systematic and teleological interpretative framework. The results of the analysis show that although the Job Creation Law stipulates procedures and normative rights for workers through Articles 161–165, there are normative and implementative gaps that cause legal uncertainty, social conflict, and the risk of procedural injustice for workers. The socio-legal study shows that the effectiveness of legal norms depends not only on formal compliance by companies, but also on the integration of norms, practices, and the socio-economic conditions of workers. These findings emphasize the need for participatory mediation mechanisms, procedural transparency, and consistent protection of normative rights to strengthen legal certainty and social justice in the practice of efficiency-based termination. This research provides theoretical and practical contributions to the development of labor laws that are responsive to social dynamics.
Termination of Employment, Company Efficiency, Legal Certainty, Job Creation Law, Socio-Legal.
Copyright (c) 2025 Achmad Nurwachid, Deki Satriawan, Hery Kurniawan Zaenal, Yudhistira Prawira Utama, Marco Orias (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Improving Students’ Critical Thinking through Problem-Based Learning in English Class at Grade XI SMK Swasta GKPI 1 Pematangsiantar
This study investigates the enhancement of students’ critical thinking performance through the implementation of Problem-Based Learning in an English class at Grade XI of SMK Swasta GKPI 1 Pematangsiantar. Employing a qualitative descriptive field research design, the study aims to examine how PBL facilitates the development of higher-order thinking skills within a vocational English learning context. Data were collected through classroom observations, interviews, document analysis, and critical thinking assessments conducted before and after the implementation of PBL. The findings indicate a significant improvement in students’ critical thinking performance across multiple indicators, including problem identification, logical reasoning, evaluation of ideas, decision-making, and reflective thinking. The results further reveal that PBL enhances students’ cognitive engagement by integrating authentic problem scenarios, collaborative inquiry, and reflective practices into English instruction. The vocational orientation of learning tasks strengthens relevance and supports deeper cognitive processing. This study contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence on the effectiveness of PBL in vocational English education and highlights its potential to create student-centered, cognitively rich learning environments that support both language development and critical thinking growth
Problem-Based Learning, Critical Thinking, English Education, Vocational High School, Qualitative Study.
Copyright (c) 2026 Heltri Firdayati S, Selviana Napitupulu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
A Critical Discourse Analysis of Students’ Comments on Social Media
This study investigates how students’ comments on social media have been conceptualized, analyzed, and theorized within Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA)-oriented scholarship. Employing a qualitative library research design grounded in an interpretivist–critical epistemology, the study systematically examines peer-reviewed literature to identify dominant analytical patterns, ideological tendencies, and methodological convergences in the analysis of student-related digital discourse. Rather than analyzing primary social media data, this research applies CDA as a meta-analytical framework to synthesize how power relations, identity construction, and social practices are discursively framed in existing studies. The findings reveal a consistent reconceptualization of students as active discursive agents whose online comments function as sites of ideological negotiation shaped by institutional, cultural, and technological forces. Recurrent ideological formations, including normalization of authority, resistance discourse, moral regulation, and identity positioning, are observed across diverse platforms and contexts. Methodologically, the literature demonstrates strong convergence around CDA principles, while simultaneously indicating limitations related to textual reductionism. This study contributes to digital discourse studies by offering an integrative theoretical mapping that clarifies how knowledge on students’ social media discourse is constructed and stabilized within contemporary CDA scholarship...
Critical Discourse Analysis, TikTok, Student Discourse, Power and Ideology, Social Media.
Copyright (c) 2026 Leony Sitorus, Intan Cezya Sijabat, Martha Patricia Purba, Partohap Saut Raja Sihombing (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Religious Character Education Management Based on Islamic Education: Qualitative Findings from Focus Group Discussions with Islamic Elementary School Stakeholders
This study investigates the management of religious character education based on Islamic Religious Education through qualitative evidence derived from stakeholder focus group discussions in an Islamic elementary school. Using an interpretive case study design, the research analyzes how strategic planning, program implementation, and evaluation are constructed and negotiated within the organizational processes of the school. The findings reveal that strategic planning is largely centralized and policy driven, limiting empirical needs analysis and meaningful stakeholder participation. Program implementation depends strongly on individual teacher commitment, while institutional coordination mechanisms remain underdeveloped, producing fragmented pedagogical practices across classrooms. Evaluation and control are dominated by administrative compliance indicators, with limited attention to measuring the internalization of religious values and to establishing a continuous improvement cycle. These patterns indicate that religious character education is sustained more by symbolic conformity than by organizational learning. The study contributes theoretically by positioning stakeholder interaction as the central analytical unit in character education management and contributes methodologically by demonstrating the value of cross-stakeholder focus group discussions in capturing deliberative processes within school governance.
religious character education, Islamic religious education, stakeholder management, school leadership, qualitative study.
Copyright (c) 2026 Suriansyah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Naturalizing Disaster in Media Discourse: A Critical Discourse Analysis of the Sibolga Landslide Coverage on Kompas TV
Disaster discourse in Indonesian media often emphasizes natural factors while marginalizing structural causes, thereby depoliticizing complex socio-environmental issues. This study investigates the discursive construction of the Sibolga landslide as represented in the Kompas TV news article "PVMBG Ungkap Penyebab Longsor di Sibolga: Lereng Curam dan Hujan Ekstrem" published on November 27, 2025. Adopting a descriptive qualitative design within a critical paradigm, the research employs Norman Fairclough's three-dimensional Critical Discourse Analysis framework, encompassing textual features, discursive practices, and socio-cultural contexts. The analysis reveals that the news discourse predominantly naturalizes the disaster by foregrounding geological and meteorological explanations provided by PVMBG, while systematically excluding perspectives from affected communities, independent researchers, and environmental advocates. Linguistic choices and narrative strategies legitimize scientific-institutional authority as the sole source of truth, while structural factors such as spatial planning violations, deforestation, and governance failures receive minimal or no attention. The study demonstrates how news media function not merely as information channels but as ideological spaces that reproduce dominant discourses on disaster, shifting responsibility from human actors and policies to uncontrollable natural forces. This research contributes to critical media and disaster studies by exposing how naturalization discourse reduces public demand for structural reforms and perpetuates vulnerability in disaster-prone communities in Indonesia.
Disaster Discourse, Naturalization, Critical Discourse Analysis, PVMBG, Kompas TV
Copyright (c) 2026 Dwi Angeli Pardede, Isabel Selmiola Sabrina, Bella Sonia Sianturi, Partohap Saut Raja Sihombing (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Representation of Gen Z Slang in Online News: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Kompas.Com
This study investigates the representation of Generation Z (Gen Z) slang in online news discourse by analyzing a Kompas.com article entitled “Bahasa Gaul Gen Z Kian Marak, Begini Kata Peneliti Bahasa” published on November 8, 2024. The research aims to reveal how Gen Z slang is constructed as a social phenomenon and how ideological meanings are embedded through media language. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method under a critical paradigm, using Norman Fairclough’s three-dimensional Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) framework: textual analysis (micro level), discursive practice (meso level), and socio-cultural practice (macro level). The findings show that the article frames Gen Z slang as an increasingly widespread trend through evaluative lexical choices such as “kian marak” and the inclusion of popular terms like FOMO, YOLO, JOMO, healing, and ghosting. At the discursive practice level, Kompas.com legitimizes the phenomenon by combining Gen Z voices with expert commentary, creating a hierarchy of authority in which academic interpretation becomes dominant. At the socio-cultural level, the discourse reflects broader contexts of digital culture, globalization, and generational identity, while also revealing an ideological tension between viewing slang as linguistic creativity and treating it as an influence-driven trend that may challenge standard language norms. Overall, the study confirms that online news media plays an active role in shaping public perceptions of youth language, constructing Gen Z slang not only as a linguistic variation but also as a cultural marker tied to identity and power relations in contemporary Indonesian society
Gen Z Slang, Representation, Online News, Critical Discourse Analysis, Kompas.com
Copyright (c) 2026 Gabriella Pardede, Heltri F Samongilailai, Ariel Jonivedi Silalahi, Partohap Saut Raja Sihombing (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
President Prabowo’s Education Policy in News Text: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Kompas.id
Education policy has become a prominent site of public discourse in Indonesia, particularly in relation to poverty reduction and social inequality. This study investigates the discursive construction of President Prabowo Subianto’s People’s Schools (Sekolah Rakyat) policy as represented in the Compas.id news article “Prabowo Inaugurates 166 People’s Schools. How is Their Education Managed?” published in January 2026. Adopting a descriptive qualitative design within a critical paradigm, the research employs Norman Fairclough’s three-dimensional Critical Discourse Analysis framework, encompassing textual features, discursive practices, and socio-cultural contexts. The analysis reveals that the news discourse predominantly represents the state as a moral and authoritative agent committed to social justice and national development, while framing People’s Schools as a humanitarian solution to structural poverty. Linguistic choices and narrative strategies tend to legitimize government authority and foreground benevolent intentions, whereas critical issues related to legal status and institutional integration within the National Education System receive limited emphasis. This research contributes to critical media and education policy studies by highlighting the role of news discourse in shaping public understanding of state-led educational reforms in Indonesia.
Critical Discourse Analysis, Education Policy, Kompas.id, News Discourse, People’s Schools..
Copyright (c) 2026 Miranda Kristin Lumban Tungkup, Marino Sihombing, Sarah Priscilla Silitonga, Partohap Saut Raja Sihombing (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Scope of Objectives and Implementation of Guidance and Counseling in Schools and Outside Schools
Guidance and counseling constitute a professional service with a broad scope of targets and implementation, extending beyond school settings to various contexts outside formal education. This study aims to examine the scope of targets and the implementation of guidance and counseling services both in schools and outside schools through a conceptual and literature-based analysis. In school settings, guidance and counseling services are directed toward students and systematically implemented through personal, social, academic, and career guidance integrated into the educational system. Outside schools, counseling services are carried out in family, community, social, and religious institutions, emphasizing flexible and context-sensitive approaches that respond to diverse individual needs. The findings indicate that effective implementation of guidance and counseling is strongly influenced by the professionalism of counselors, adequate management of services, and collaboration among stakeholders. The integration of school-based and community-based counseling services strengthens the role of guidance and counseling as a lifelong support system that promotes personal development, social adjustment, and psychological well-being. Therefore, comprehensive and adaptive counseling practices are essential to address the complex challenges faced by individuals in various life settings.
Guidance And Counseling, Scope Of Services, Counseling Implementation, School Counseling, Community Counseling.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rizkiya Aji, Anggun Mutia, Chika Abelia Navisa, Imas Purnamasari, Titin Sunarti (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Changes in Infrastructure and Social Structure in Lubuklinggau during the Colonial Period (1934–1942)
The city of Lubuklinggau experienced various significant changes during the Dutch colonial administration, particularly in terms of infrastructure and social structure. The period between 1934 and 1942 marked a crucial phase that demonstrated a close interaction between colonial interests and local dynamics. This study aims to examine the transformation of infrastructure and changes in social structure that occurred in Lubuklinggau within the context of Dutch colonialism. This research employs a historical method with a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were obtained through archival studies, official colonial documents, and relevant secondary literature, and were analyzed using an interpretative approach to reconstruct the social dynamics and infrastructure development of the time. The validity of the data was tested through source criticism techniques commonly used in historical research. The findings reveal that the construction of railway lines and supporting facilities encouraged the process of urbanization and increased social mobility among the people of Lubuklinggau. Furthermore, the emergence of new social classes as a result of colonial economic policies indicates a gradual shift in the social structure. This transformation reflects the colonial strategy to integrate the hinterland into the colonial politico-economic system. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of local history in the broader context of global colonial influence.
Colonial infrastructure, Dutch colonialism, Lubuklinggau, social structure, urban history.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sarkowi Sarkowi, Ira Miyarni Sustianingsih, Yadri Irwansyah, Abadi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Characteristics and Transformation of Guidance and Counseling Services in the Education System in the Era of Independent Learning
This study is motivated by the persistently high level of socio-economic vulnerability among impoverished congregations and the strategic importance of the church as a religious institution that functions not only spiritually but also socially in fostering community-based welfare. The research aims to explore the meaning of the church’s role from the perspective of economically disadvantaged congregants and to analyze the dynamics of social capital that contribute to the improvement of their well-being. The study was conducted at GPdI Ekklesia Prambon in Sidoarjo Regency using a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation, and were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, encompassing data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that congregants perceive well-being in a multidimensional manner, encompassing physical, spiritual, social, and relational aspects. The church plays a significant role through participatory programs such as basic food assistance, educational support, prayer services, and social accompaniment. The dynamics of social capital are reflected in mutual trust, norms of solidarity, and strong social networks, which collectively foster social resilience and promote sustainable congregational well-being.
Church, Congregation Welfare, Participation, Poverty, Social Capital
Copyright (c) 2026 Glory Stephanie Rebbeca Mewengkang, Dewien Nabielah Agustin (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The need for adaptive guidance and counseling services in response to changes in the educational paradigm in the Merdeka Belajar policy. Changes in student characteristics, the dynamics of educational policy, and demands for character building and independent learning place guidance and counseling services as a strategic element in the education system. This study aims to analyze the characteristics and transformation of guidance and counseling services in supporting the implementation of Merdeka Belajar. The research approach used is qualitative with a library research method through a critical review of relevant scientific journal articles and official national reports. The data were analyzed using content analysis techniques to identify patterns, themes, and trends in guidance and counseling service practices. The results of the study show that guidance and counseling services are characterized by a focus on student development, a preventive nature, and integration with the learning process. The transformation of services is marked by a paradigm shift towards flexible, collaborative services and the strengthening of the professionalism of counselors and teachers, so that guidance and counseling play an important role in realizing education that is student-centered in the era of Merdeka Belajar.
Characteristics, Class Teacher, Guidance and Counseling, Merdeka Belajar Era, Professionalism.
Copyright (c) 2026 Intan Nurmaliya, Titin Sunarti, Fifi Hariyani, Niswah Ziyan Ahlia, Nurwahyuwana Nurwahyuwana (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
General Patterns of Classroom-Based Developmental Guidance and Counseling for PGSD Students
Classroom-based developmental guidance and counseling has emerged as a strategic approach in elementary education, as students’ developmental support needs to be integrally embedded within daily instructional practices. Classroom teachers play a central role as facilitators of students’ academic, social, and emotional development; however, preservice elementary school teachers (PGSD students) often encounter limitations in their conceptual understanding and contextual application of guidance and counseling practices. This study aims to formulate a conceptual, integrative, and contextually relevant model of classroom-based developmental guidance and counseling to strengthen the professional competencies of PGSD students. The study employs a systematic comparative literature review with a qualitative-descriptive approach. Data were collected through a comprehensive review of scholarly literature retrieved from Google Scholar, ERIC, and SINTA databases, selected based on inclusion criteria encompassing the last ten years of publication, substantive relevance, and source credibility. Data analysis was conducted using thematic and comparative techniques to synthesize key concepts, principles, and models of developmental guidance and counseling. The findings indicate that a structured and preventive classroom-based developmental guidance and counseling model significantly enhances pedagogical competence, basic counseling skills, work readiness, and the development of professional and reflective dispositions among PGSD students in supporting the holistic development of learners.
Classroom Teachers, Elementary School, Guidance and Counseling, Integrative Model, Student Development.
Copyright (c) 2026 Resti Resti, Titi Sunarti, Zahra Fadla Amalia, Mutiara Citra Amalia, Faidah Faidah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
A Critical Discourse Analysis of Ideology in the Song “Where Is the Love?” by The Black Eyed Peas Based on van Dijk’s Theory
This study aims to analyze the ideology embedded in the song “Where Is the Love?” by The Black Eyed Peas using Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) based on van Dijk’s socio-cognitive model. Discourse analysis is concerned with how language is used to construct meaning, ideology, and social realities. Song lyrics, as a form of written discourse, often function as a medium for expressing social criticism and ideological perspectives. Therefore, this study focuses on revealing how ideological meanings are represented in the song lyrics. This research employs a qualitative research design with document analysis as the data collection technique. The data consist of selected lyric lines from the song “Where Is the Love?” that reflect social issues. The data are analyzed using van Dijk’s three analytical dimensions: textual structure, social cognition, and social context. The findings reveal that the song conveys strong ideological messages related to humanitarian values, peace, equality, and social justice. The lyrics criticize violence, racism, discrimination, and political hypocrisy, encouraging listeners to reflect critically on global social problems. The study concludes that song lyrics can function as powerful social discourse that shapes social awareness and ideology. This research contributes to discourse analysis studies by demonstrating the applicability of van Dijk’s Critical Discourse Analysis framework to song lyrics as a form of social and ideological expression.
Copyright (c) 2026 Juliana Tifani, Tiodor Sihotang, Sry Tama Butar Butar, Partohap Saut Raja Sihombing (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analysis of Elementary School Students' Readiness to Learn Based on Learning Facilities at Home Using the Naive Bayes Data Mining Method
Learning readiness of elementary school students is an important factor in supporting the effectiveness of the learning process. One aspect that influences learning readiness is the availability of learning facilities at home, such as a study space, textbooks, stationery, and supporting learning media. This study aims to analyze the learning readiness of elementary school students based on home learning facilities using the Naive Bayes data mining method. The research data were collected through questionnaires distributed to students and their parents and then processed through preprocessing stages to ensure data quality. The Naive Bayes algorithm was applied to classify students’ learning readiness into ready and not ready categories based on the available home learning facilities. The results indicate that home learning facilities have an influence on students’ learning readiness, and the Naive Bayes algorithm is able to provide accurate classification results. This study is expected to serve as a reference for parents and schools in improving students’ learning readiness through the provision of adequate learning facilities at home.
Data Mining, Elementary School, Home Learning Facilities, learning Readiness, Naive Bayes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mesi Ana Ritonga, Sri Rahmayani parinduri, Andriansyah harahap, Muhammad Fikri Haikal (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analysis of Interactive Digital Media Needs Based on Contextual Teaching and Learning: Story Text Learning in Elementary Schools
This study aims to analyze the need for interactive digital media based on the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) model in narrative text learning at the elementary school level. The research employed a qualitative approach using a case study design to obtain an in-depth understanding of students’ and teachers’ learning needs. Data were collected through interviews, questionnaires, and documentation involving fourth-grade teachers and students at SDN 3 Puyoh. The findings indicate that students show a strong preference for learning activities that involve observation, discussion, and reflection, with full agreement on the importance of contextual and interactive learning experiences. These activities align with the core principles of CTL, which emphasize active engagement, real-life connections, and collaborative learning. The integration of interactive digital media was found to enhance students’ understanding of narrative elements, increase learning motivation, and reduce learning boredom. This study concludes that interactive digital media based on CTL is not merely an alternative instructional tool, but a pedagogical necessity to support meaningful, relevant, and student-centered narrative text learning in elementary schools.
Interactive Digital Media, Contextual Teaching and Learning, Story Texts, Elementary School, Student.
Copyright (c) 2026 Moh Zulfan Sauqi, Adhitya Yusron Fahmi, Adam Sidqi, Osama Ahmad, Rani Setiawaty (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Students' Perceptions of Islamic Religious Education Values: Implications for Moral and Spiritual Development at SMAN 8 Balikpapan
This study aims to analyze students’ perceptions of Islamic Religious Education values and their implications for moral and spiritual development at SMAN 8 Balikpapan. The research employed a qualitative descriptive approach to explore students’ understanding, experiences, and interpretations of Islamic values within the school environment. The subjects were eleventh-grade students selected through purposive sampling, while data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation studies. The findings reveal that most students hold positive perceptions of Islamic Religious Education, viewing it not merely as a formal subject but as a moral guideline shaping attitudes and daily behavior. Students demonstrate adequate conceptual understanding of faith, worship, morality, and social values. However, the study also identifies a gap between understanding and consistent practice, indicating that these values are often comprehended normatively but not fully internalized. This condition suggests that positive perception alone is insufficient to ensure sustainable moral and spiritual behavior. Strengthening value internalization requires continuous habituation, exemplary conduct from educators, and a supportive school culture to reinforce the practical application of Islamic Religious Education values.
Student Perception, Islamic Religious Education, Moral Development, Spiritual Development, Senior High School.
Copyright (c) 2026 Adil Sariman, Mujibur Rohman (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Effect of Learning Motivation on Al-Qur'an Reading and Writing Learning Outcomes: Analysis of Students at Al-Hassan Junior High School in Balikpapan
This study aims to determine the influence of learning motivation on the learning outcomes of Qur’an Reading and Writing (BTQ) among students at SMP Al-Hassan Balikpapan. The research employed a quantitative method with data collected through questionnaires distributed to 31 students from grades VII, VIII, and IX. The research instruments were tested for validity and reliability, showing that all items were declared valid and reliable. A normality test indicated that the data were normally distributed, allowing for the use of parametric statistical analysis. The results of the simple linear regression analysis showed that the t-count value of 2.065 was greater than the t-table value of 2.045. However, the significance value (0.049) was slightly above the critical threshold of 0.05, indicating that the effect of learning motivation on BTQ learning outcomes is weak or not strongly significant. The R Square value of 0.136 indicates that learning motivation contributes only 13.6% to BTQ learning outcomes, while the remaining 86.4% is influenced by other factors. It can be concluded that learning motivation has an effect on BTQ learning outcomes, but the influence remains relatively low.
Learning Motivation, BTQ Learning, Student Learning Achievement, Islamic Education. Al-Hassan Junior High School, Balikpapan.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ghoitsur rijal (Author); Iskandar Yusuf (Translator) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The TikTok App and Generation Z's Learning Patterns: Analyzing the Impact of Social Media in the Digital Age
This study aims to analyze the influence of the TikTok application on the learning patterns of Generation Z in the digital era through a qualitative descriptive approach using a literature review method. Data were collected from various academic sources, including books and peer-reviewed journals discussing social media, digital behavior, and educational practices among Generation Z. The findings indicate that TikTok significantly shapes learning behaviors by encouraging visual-based, short-duration, and algorithm-driven content consumption. On the positive side, TikTok supports learning motivation, creativity, and access to educational information in an engaging format. However, excessive use of the platform also contributes to decreased concentration, reduced study duration, and the emergence of instant learning habits. These contrasting impacts demonstrate that TikTok functions as a double-edged tool in educational contexts. Therefore, strategic integration of TikTok as an educational medium, accompanied by digital literacy enhancement and guided supervision, is essential to ensure that its use supports effective and sustainable learning outcomes for Generation Z in the digital era.
TikTok, Learning Patterns, Generation Z, Social Media, Digital Education
Copyright (c) 2026 Yeni Prestia, Naysilla Azzahra Ramadhani, M Syahrizal Putra (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Moving with the Times: Social and Economic Changes in the Cirendeu Traditional Village Community during the Modernization Process
This article examines the socio-economic transformation of the Cirendeu Indigenous Community as it navigates the pressures and opportunities of modernization. Using a descriptive qualitative approach supported by literature studies and secondary data, the research explores how Cirendeu maintains cultural identity while adapting to evolving economic demands. The study finds that the community has successfully diversified its economic activities, shifting from subsistence practices toward broader engagement in food production, local trade, and cultural tourism. Cassava-based products, historically central to Cirendeu’s food system, have developed into valuable economic commodities that strengthen food resilience and generate new income sources. In parallel, carefully managed tourism activities contribute to the local economy without disrupting customary values. Socially, the community continues to uphold traditional norms that regulate collective life, ensuring that modernization does not erode cultural cohesion. Overall, this study highlights Cirendeu’s ability to integrate local economic potential within a modern framework while sustaining autonomy, cultural continuity, and community well-being.
Cirendeu, Modernisasi, Perubahan Sosial, Ekonomi Lokal, Masyarakat Adat
Copyright (c) 2026 M. Raihan Ardiansyah, Mochamad Arif Rahman, Rahmayanti Nur Malika, Bella Carolina Hutasoit, Guntur Bayu Julianto (Author); Aditya Firmansyah (Translator); Nenden Siti Khodijah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analysis of Media Requirements for Gusjigang Local Wisdom-Based Android Applications for Teaching Language Rules to Elementary School Students
This study aims to analyze the needs for an Android-based learning media integrated with Gusjigang local wisdom in teaching Indonesian language rules to second-grade elementary school students. The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach involving teachers and 19 students of SD 1 Panjang, Kudus Regency. Data were collected through classroom observations, questionnaires, and semi-structured interviews. The findings indicate that although most students understand the teacher’s explanation of language rules, the use of interactive digital media in learning remains limited. Students showed a strong preference for engaging learning media, interactive exercises, and visually supported materials, while their familiarity with Gusjigang values was relatively low. However, a significant number of students expressed interest in learning Indonesian through culturally based Android applications. These results highlight the need for developing Android-based learning media that integrates visual, audio, interactive quizzes, and local cultural values to enhance students’ motivation, understanding, and engagement in learning Indonesian language rules. Integrating Gusjigang local wisdom is expected to support both academic achievement and character development in elementary education.
Android-Based Learning Media, Language Rules, Gusjigang Local Wisdom, Elementary Students, Needs Analysis.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Afdholil Kholiqoh Insani, Muhammad Zakky Ali, Sigit Ariyanto, Rani Setiawaty (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Effectiveness of the Living Values Education (LVE)-Based Islamic Education Learning Model in Improving Students' Understanding of Honesty
This study aims to analyse the effectiveness of the Living Values Education (LVE)-based Islamic Religious Education (IRE) learning model in improving the honesty awareness of junior high school students. The background of this study stems from the problem of IRE learning, which tends to be cognitively oriented and has not been optimal in internalising the value of honesty as the foundation of Islamic character. This study used a quantitative approach with a pretest–posttest non-equivalent control group quasi-experimental design. The research subjects were eighth-grade students at a private junior high school in Bandung, divided into an experimental class and a control class. The research instrument was an honesty awareness test that had been tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis was conducted using independent sample t-tests, paired sample t-tests, and N-Gain tests to measure the level of treatment effectiveness. The results showed a significant difference in the increase in honesty insight between the experimental class and the control class after treatment. The experimental class that implemented the LVE model experienced a higher average score increase and was in the ‘quite effective’ effectiveness category, compared to the control class, which was classified as ‘less effective’. These findings confirm that the integration of values through the LVE approach is able to strengthen the internalisation of honesty in a more meaningful way in PAI learning. This study contributes to the development of PAI learning.
Honesty, Islamic Education, Learning Effectiveness, Learning Models, Living Values
Copyright (c) 2026 Dewi Sinta, Saepul Anwar, Munawar Rahmat, Abid Nurhuda, Inamul Hasan Ansori (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Mindful Parenting as a Child-Rearing Strategy for Coping with Family Stress
This study aims to examine mindful parenting as a parenting strategy in addressing family stress through a qualitative descriptive approach using library research. The increasing complexity of modern family life, including work demands, dual-earner roles, economic pressure, and emotional challenges in childrearing, has heightened parenting stress and affected the quality of parent–child interactions. Mindful parenting emphasizes present-moment awareness, emotional regulation, and non-judgmental acceptance in parenting practices, enabling parents to respond more adaptively to stressful situations. The findings from previous studies indicate that mindful parenting contributes to reducing parenting stress, enhancing parental emotional stability, and fostering positive parent–child relationships across diverse family contexts, including families with young children, working parents, and parents of children with special needs. Furthermore, mindful parenting supports children’s emotional regulation by modeling calm and reflective responses within the family environment. The synthesis of empirical evidence suggests that mindful parenting functions not only as an individual coping strategy but also as a sustainable approach to strengthening family resilience. Therefore, mindful parenting holds significant potential as a core framework for promoting healthy parenting practices and psychological well-being within contemporary families
Mindful Parenting, Parenting Stress, Family Resilience, Emotional Regulation, Parent–Child Relationship.
Copyright (c) 2026 Napisah Napisah, Halimatus Sakdiah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Relevance of Moral Education in Islamic Religious Education to Efforts to Reduce Bullying Among Students
This study examines the relevance of moral (akhlak) material in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) to efforts in reducing bullying among students through a descriptive qualitative approach and library research. The findings show that moral education in PAI provides a foundational framework for fostering empathetic, responsible, and respectful behavior among learners. Core moral values such as honesty, compassion, patience, and self-control directly contribute to the development of an anti-bullying attitude by shaping students’ emotional and social awareness. Furthermore, the internalization of these values through humanistic and interactive learning methods enables students not only to understand moral concepts but also to apply them consistently in daily interactions. The role of PAI teachers as moral exemplars significantly enhances this process, as students often imitate the behaviors demonstrated by their teachers. Additionally, a positive school environment supported by clear rules, cooperative culture, and religious activities strengthens the cultivation of moral character. Therefore, integrating akhlak-based materials in Islamic Religious Education plays a vital role in promoting a safe, inclusive, and bullying-free educational atmosphere
Moral Education, Islamic Religious Education, Akhlak Values, Bullying Prevention, Character Formation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Arief Rohman Arofah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Implementation of Moral Education Material in Islamic Education to Foster Tolerance at SDN 013 Balikpapan Kota
This study aims to examine the implementation of moral education content in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning in fostering students’ tolerance character at SDN 013 Balikpapan Kota. The research employs a qualitative descriptive approach by collecting data through observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings indicate that moral values, particularly tolerance, are systematically integrated into PAI learning through exemplary behavior, habituation, reflective dialogue, and contextual learning strategies. Teachers play a central role in internalizing tolerance values by demonstrating fair attitudes, encouraging respectful interactions, and facilitating inclusive classroom activities. The implementation of moral education is not limited to cognitive understanding but emphasizes affective and behavioral dimensions, enabling students to practice tolerance in daily interactions. The results also reveal that a supportive learning environment contributes significantly to the development of tolerant attitudes among students. However, strengthening consistency and collaboration between school and family remains necessary to enhance the sustainability of character formation. Overall, moral education within PAI learning functions as an effective medium for cultivating tolerance and social harmony among elementary school students.
Moral Education, Islamic Religious Education, Tolerance Character, Elementary School, Character Building.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ismail Yahya (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Effect of the Habit of Reciting the Qur'an on the Discipline of Students at Patra Dharma 1 Elementary School in Balikpapan
This study aims to examine the influence of the habit of Qur’anic recitation (tadarus Al-Qur’an) on students’ discipline at SD Patra Dharma 1 Balikpapan. The research employed a quantitative approach using a correlational design. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 89 sixth-grade students and analyzed using simple linear regression with SPSS version 25. The results indicate a positive and significant relationship between the habit of tadarus Al-Qur’an and students’ discipline, as shown by a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.439, which reflects a moderate relationship. The coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.192 reveals that the habit of Qur’anic recitation contributes 19.2% to students’ discipline, while the remaining 80.8% is influenced by other factors outside the study. The regression model was statistically significant based on the ANOVA test, and the regression coefficient confirms that increased intensity of tadarus is associated with higher levels of discipline. These findings demonstrate that tadarus Al-Qur’an functions as an important supporting factor in character education, particularly in fostering discipline among elementary school students, although it is not the sole determinant.
Qur’anic Recitation, Discipline, Character Education, Elementary School, Regression Analysis.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fatimatuz Zahro, Al Wardah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Representation of Gender Power Relations in the Film Dua Hati Biru: A Peirce Semiotic Analysis from Sylvia Walby's Patriarchy Perspective
This study examines the representation of gender power relations in the film Dua Hati Biru using Charles Sanders Peirce’s semiotic analysis within the framework of Sylvia Walby’s theory of patriarchy. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, the research analyzes selected scenes that depict wage labor, domestic labor, and workplace discrimination. The findings reveal that wage labor functions as the primary source of legitimacy and authority within family relations, regardless of gender, positioning economic control as the central axis of power. Domestic labor is portrayed as essential to family stability yet remains symbolically undervalued and naturalized as a moral obligation, particularly for women. Meanwhile, workplace discrimination is represented through implicit institutional norms that stigmatize women’s marital and maternal identities, compelling adaptation rather than structural change. Through icons, indexes, and symbols, the film constructs a subtle yet persistent patriarchal logic that normalizes gender inequality. This study concludes that Dua Hati Biru not only reflects social realities but also participates in reproducing patriarchal ideology by sustaining hierarchical distinctions between productive and reproductive labor within both domestic and professional spheres.
gender power relations, patriarchy, semiotics, film representation, domestic labor.
Copyright (c) 2026 Devia Tantri Rachmani, Imaniar Dwi Retno Pangesti, Ike Desi Florina (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Holistic Education from Malik Fadjar's Perspective and Its Relevance to Islamic Education in the Digital Age
This study explores Malik Fadjar’s concept of holistic education and its relevance to Islamic education in the digital era. As a reformist Muslim scholar, Malik Fadjar emphasizes that education must function as a comprehensive humanization process, integrating intellectual, spiritual, moral, social, and cultural dimensions. Through a library research method, this study examines primary sources from Malik Fadjar’s writings and speeches, alongside secondary literature discussing holistic education and digital transformation in educational contexts. The findings indicate that Malik Fadjar’s holistic framework rejects the fragmentation of knowledge and promotes an integrated paradigm that aligns religious values with contemporary demands. In the digital era, characterized by rapid technological change and information abundance, this holistic perspective remains essential. It offers a philosophical foundation for developing Islamic education that not only adopts digital tools but also strengthens character formation, digital literacy, and adaptive skills. Therefore, Malik Fadjar’s holistic educational thought provides a relevant and strategic contribution to shaping Islamic education models that are modern, competitive, and grounded in humanistic values
Holistic Education, Malik Fadjar, Islamic Education, Digital Era, Educational Transformation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Ihsanuddin Fathoni, Alfi Taufik (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Concept of Character-Based Education: A Study of Hafidz Hasan Al-Mas'udi's Thoughts in the Book Taisirul Kholaq
This study investigates the concept of morality-based education formulated by Hafidz Hasan Al-Mas’udi in the classical ethical work Taisirul Kholaq. The findings reveal that Al-Mas’udi constructs a philosophical foundation that positions moral character as the essence of the educational process, emphasizing purification of the soul, the stability of ethical orientation, and the harmony between spiritual and social responsibilities. The text offers a structured framework of moral values covering spiritual devotion, interpersonal ethics, and internal self-discipline, which together form a comprehensive model for character formation. Literature-based evidence from previous studies demonstrates that the application of Taisirul Kholaq significantly contributes to the development of honesty, discipline, respect, and cooperative behavior among students in Islamic educational institutions. The systematic arrangement of values and the emphasis on behavioral habituation make this work relevant for contemporary educational contexts that face rapid sociocultural transformation. Overall, Al-Mas’udi’s moral education framework provides an enduring reference for strengthening character formation, offering theoretical clarity and practical guidance essential for building ethically grounded learning environments.
Taisirul Kholaq, Moral Education, Hafidz Hasan Al-Mas’udi, Character Formation, Islamic Pedagogy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Yusuf Hilman, Fadilatul Ismah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0