Journal of Social Humanities and Education
Scripta Humanika: Journal of Social Humanities and Educationn is a scientific journal that publishes research articles, conceptual studies, and critical thinking in the fields of social sciences, humanities, and education. This journal aims to be an academic platform for researchers, lecturers, students, and practitioners to present relevant, up-to-date, and solution-oriented scientific ideas in response to the dynamics of society and the world of education. The journal's scope covers various disciplines such as sociology, anthropology, philosophy, communication, culture, as well as contemporary educational issues, including education policy, curriculum, law, economics, and learning innovation.
The Influence of the Social Environment on Teenage Gang Fighting in South Tangerang City
This study aims to analyze the influence of the social environment on juvenile brawling behavior in South Tangerang City. The research employed a quantitative approach with a causal-associative design involving 100 adolescents aged 15–19 years selected using Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling. Primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire using a five-point Likert scale and analyzed using descriptive statistics, simple linear regression, partial t-test, comparative analysis, and coefficient of determination with IBM SPSS Statistics 25. The findings revealed that the social environment has a positive and significant effect on juvenile brawling behavior, as indicated by a regression coefficient of 0.809 and a significance value of 0.001 (p < 0.05). The coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.155 indicates that the social environment explains 15.5% of the variation in juvenile brawling behavior, while the remaining 84.5% is influenced by other factors outside the research model. Family supervision, peer influence, school environment, community conditions, and digital media exposure were identified as important determinants. These findings emphasize the need for integrated preventive strategies involving families, schools, communities, and local governments to strengthen social control and reduce juvenile delinquency through collaborative and sustainable interventions.
Social Environment, Juvenile Delinquency, Juvenile Brawling, Adolescents, Social
Copyright (c) 2026 Melda Helen Shintia, Ati Kusmawati (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Teodisi dan Teologi Kehadiran di Tengah Perjuangan Orang Tua dalam Memahami Autisme
Christian parents of children with autism often ask, “God, why is my child autistic?” This question emerges within a social context that celebrates the *cult of normalcy*, where individuals are frequently measured against socially constructed standards of normality. In their search for understanding, parents receive numerous explanations from pastors through sermons and personal counseling sessions. These responses, however, are often confined to the realm of theodicy, seeking to justify suffering and disability within the framework of divine justice and providence. Yet an important question remains: Is theodicy sufficient to address the deep existential, emotional, and spiritual struggles experienced by these parents? Through this study, the author proposes a theological framework that is more adequate for Christian parents raising children with autism. Moving beyond the limitations of theodicy, this article offers a theology of presence rooted in the mystery of the Incarnation, namely, the belief that God is present in the midst of suffering not by providing definitive answers but by accompanying humanity in its vulnerability. From a practical perspective, this article recommends that parents be supported through an honest pastoral spirituality rather than being comforted by premature theological explanations. It also calls upon the Church to cultivate genuinely inclusive communities and urges pastors to develop greater sensitivity to disability theology so that they may accompany families of children with autism as facilitators of meaning-making rather than as providers of simplistic and singular answers.
Autistic children, autism, imago Dei, suffering, theodicy, theology of disability, theology of presence.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nuryanto Gracia (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Strategi Guru Sharaf di Pesantren: Dari Metode Klasik hingga Inovatif
This study aims to identify, categorize, and synthesize teacher strategies in teaching sharaf (Arabic morphology) at pesantren through an integrative literature review approach. Literature searches were conducted using Google Scholar, DOAJ, and Scopus, resulting in 22 articles that met the inclusion criteria. The findings reveal three main strategic dimensions: material delivery, practice and reinforcement, and evaluation and feedback. Material delivery strategies include classical methods (sorogan and bandongan), inductive and deductive approaches, and innovative approaches using visual media, singing, and game-based learning. Practice strategies involve drills, memorization, individual submission, collaborative learning, gamification, and contextual projects. Evaluation strategies include kitab kuning-based assessment, formal tests, oral evaluation, and integrated assessment systems. The study concludes that sharaf learning strategies have developed from traditional approaches toward more adaptive and innovative models while maintaining classical methods’ strengths in individual guidance. These findings highlight the need for further empirical studies to develop standardized evaluation systems and optimize the integration of innovative strategies in various pesantren contexts.
Arabic Morphology, Integrative Literature Review, Pesantren Learning, Sharaf, Teacher Strategies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Fariq Heemal Attruk, Salsabila Ramadhani, Farhan Ardhana (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Structure of Conversational Power on Instagram Regarding Prabowo’s Involvement in the Peace Council
Prabowo Subianto’s involvement in the Board of Peace for post-conflict reconstruction in Gaza generated extensive public discussion on Instagram and raised questions about whether the observed uniformity of opinion emerged organically or reflected structural communication dynamics. This study examined the conversation network, identified dominant actors, and analyzed the distribution of communicative power using a quantitative big-data approach based on Social Network Analysis (SNA). Data comprised 41,552 interactions connecting 35,490 Instagram accounts collected between January 22 and March 18, 2026, and analyzed with NodeXL Pro, while sentiment was measured using the InSet lexicon. The findings revealed a semi-fragmented network consisting of three major clusters representing national politics, international peace, and public accountability. A clear distinction emerged between the center of attention and the center of power, with @prabowo attracting discussion while media and information accounts controlled information flows through brokerage positions. Negative sentiment accounted for 81% of interactions, indicating that public opinion was reinforced through networked power rather than purely organic participation.
Actor Centrality, Board of Peace; Instagram, Networked Power, Social Network Analysis.
Copyright (c) 2026 Najwa Aisyah Salsabila, Lintang Prameswari, Vania Areta Pitra Safa, Celvin Dwi Putra Mudianto, Linggar Apritataqwa Giandivari, Inas Yumna Depryananda (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Learning Assessment Standards for Elementary School
This study aims to describe the implementation of learning assessment standards at the elementary school level at SD Negeri Hindu 1 Bukian. The research employed a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were collected through observations, interviews, and documentation involving the principal, classroom teachers, and learning assessment documents. Data were analyzed using the Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña interactive model, which consists of data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification. The findings indicate that learning assessment standards have been implemented in accordance with the principles of the Merdeka Curriculum through diagnostic, formative, and summative assessments using both test and non-test techniques. The reporting of students' learning outcomes has been conducted transparently and accountably through report cards and continuous communication between teachers and parents. Several challenges remain, including limited time for conducting assessments, diverse student characteristics, and teachers' competence in developing assessment instruments. Strengthening teachers' professional competence and institutional support is essential to enhance the effectiveness, objectivity, and sustainability of learning assessment implementation.
Assessment, Elementary School, Learning Assessment Standards, Learning Evaluation, Merdeka Curriculum.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aufar Sania, Ni Made Nitha Balistha, I Wayan Lasmawan, Ni Wayan Rati (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Improving Early Writing Skills Through a Drill-and-Practice Model Supported by Tracing Materials Among First-Grade Class A Students at Kanisius Elementary School in Kudus
This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the Drill and Practice model assisted by tracing media in improving the beginning writing skills of first-grade students at SD Kanisius Kudus. The study employed a Classroom Action Research (CAR) method conducted in two cycles involving 26 students as research subjects. Data were collected through observation and writing skill tests, while data analysis was performed using a descriptive quantitative approach. The results showed an increase in the average writing ability score from 58.5 in the pre-cycle stage to 82.4 in Cycle II, with learning mastery reaching 88%. The implementation of repetitive practice and visual assistance through tracing media helped improve students’ fine motor coordination, letter formation accuracy, writing neatness, and readability. Variations of tracing media in Cycle II increased students’ engagement and learning motivation during the learning process. This study indicates that the integration of structured practice models with concrete learning media can serve as an alternative instructional strategy to support early literacy development among elementary school students.
Beginning Writing Skills, Classroom Action Research, Drill and Practice, Elementary School, Tracing Media.
Copyright (c) 2026 Veronica Ree’valent Rizang Sulistiyanto, Moh Zulfan Sauqi, Aurelia Cahya Fadhilatul Khalila, Rani Setiawaty (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Vocational High School Students’ Interest in Learning and Academic Resilience: A Correlational Study
Learning interest plays a role in enhancing students’ attention, curiosity, and engagement in the learning process, while academic resilience supports students’ ability to cope with academic pressures and difficulties. This study aims to analyze the relationship between learning interest and academic resilience among vocational high school students. The study employed a quantitative approach with a non-experimental correlational design. The sample consisted of 31 eleventh-grade students of SMK Jayanegara selected through a saturated sampling technique. Data were collected using a five-point Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed through descriptive statistics, prerequisite tests, and Pearson Product Moment correlation analysis. The results showed that students’ learning interest was predominantly in the moderate category (64.52%), while academic resilience was categorized as moderate (51.61%) to high (48.39%). The correlation test obtained a value of r = 0.684 with p < 0.001, indicating a positive, strong, and significant relationship between learning interest and academic resilience. These findings indicate that increased learning interest is associated with stronger students’ abilities to face academic challenges.
Copyright (c) 2026 Bayu Romadon, Nur Isnaini, Septian Lukman Hakim Isnaini Putra, Ahmad Efendy (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Critical Education Practices in Building Cadre Awareness: A Study of the PMII Tarbiyah Purwokerto Branch’s Critical Education School
This study aims to analyze the praxis of critical education implemented through the Critical Education School (Sekolah Pendidikan Kritis—SPK) of PMII Rayon Tarbiyah Purwokerto and its contribution to the development of cadres' critical consciousness. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, with data collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation involving the branch chairperson, cadre development officers, facilitators, and SPK participants. Data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model and validated through source and technique triangulation. The findings indicate that SPK functions as an alternative educational space that integrates literacy culture, dialogical learning, critical reflection, and social action into the cadre development process. These practices foster critical thinking skills, social awareness, and transformative consciousness through the dialectical interaction of knowledge, organizational ideology, lived experience, and praxis. The study concludes that SPK contributes to developing intellectually capable cadres who demonstrate social responsibility and a strong commitment to social transformation.
Cadreization, Critical Consciousness Critical Education, PMII, Praxis.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mohammad Nur Zamzam, Irham M Zuhair, Wahyu Tetuko, Aulia Syahrani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Implementation of Digital Marketing as a Marketing Strategy for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs)
This study examines the implementation of digital marketing as a marketing strategy for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) and its contribution to the development of Batak Toba and Batak Simalungun ulos products at Horas Market. The research was conducted at Misel Nadeak Ulos Store, a traditional cultural product business established in 2016. Using a qualitative research approach, data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation involving business owners and individuals involved in digital marketing activities. The findings indicate that the adoption of digital marketing through TikTok Live and Shopee expanded market reach, increased product visibility, strengthened customer trust, and improved purchasing accessibility. Digital platforms enabled customers to access products and conduct transactions without geographical limitations. However, challenges related to human resource management and digital content consistency remained during implementation. The study concludes that digital marketing serves as an effective strategy for enhancing MSME competitiveness, business sustainability, and the promotion of traditional cultural products in the digital marketplace.
Digital Marketing, Electronic Commerce, MSMEs, Sales Performance, Ulos Products.
Copyright (c) 2026 Imelda Sabrina Sibarani, Ronauli Zebua, Terintia Riahni Tampubolon, Jein Jessica Rajagukguk, Ririntri Arianti Siregar, Revalina Malau, Putri Elisa Damanik, Tasya Tatia Putri Sihite (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Semiotics of Political Communication: An Analysis of Charles William Morris’s Syntactic, Semantic, and Pragmatic Dimensions as Reflected in the PDI Perjuangan Logo
This study aims to analyze the symbolic meaning of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI Perjuangan) logo through the syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic dimensions of Charles William Morris's semiotic theory. The study employed a descriptive qualitative approach using semiotic analysis of the official logo, the party's Constitution and Bylaws (AD/ART), and related party documents. The findings indicate that, syntactically, the logo possesses a well-organized, contrasting, and easily recognizable visual structure. Semantically, the bull's head, the red, black, and white colors, and the circular shape represent nationalism, Marhaenism, courage, consistency, integrity, and unity. Pragmatically, the logo functions as a political identity, a communication medium, a tool for strengthening the party's image, and an instrument for fostering constituent loyalty across various communication platforms. The integration of these three dimensions demonstrates that the PDI Perjuangan logo constitutes a sign system that effectively connects visual structure, ideological values, and political communication functions within Indonesia's political landscape.
Charles William Morris, PDI Perjuangan Logo, Political Communication, Political Symbol, Semiotics.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nizar Zulmi Ramadhan, Erika Sherren Darma, Moh. Dey Prayogo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Language of Criticism as a Symbol of Power: An Analysis of Dino Patti Djalal’s Political Discourse Using Susanne Langer’s Theory of Semiotics
Public debate over President Prabowo Subianto's intensive overseas visits prompted criticism from Dino Patti Djalal that combined rational arguments with symbolic meanings. This study aims to analyze Dino Patti Djalal's critical language as a symbol of power using Susanne Langer's semiotic theory. A descriptive qualitative method with a semiotic approach was employed to examine four statements published on X/Twitter and reported by national media during May–June 2026. The data were analyzed through discursive and presentational symbols. The findings reveal that discursive symbols are reflected in empirical data, arguments on budget efficiency, diplomatic strategies, and the distribution of authority, while presentational symbols construct perceptions of accountability, leadership, efficiency, and political legitimacy. The study concludes that political language functions not only as a means of conveying information but also as a symbolic system that shapes public meaning through the integration of rationality and symbolic experience.
Critical Language, Discursive Symbols, Presentational Symbols, Power, Susanne Langer's Semiotics.
Copyright (c) 2026 Indah Gita Cahyani, David Wicaksono, Moh. Dey Prayogo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Charles Sanders Pierce’s Semiotic Analysis of the Portrayal of Suharto as the “Father of Development” During the New Order Era
This study aims to analyze the representation of Soeharto as the “Father of Development” during the New Order era using Charles Sanders Peirce’s semiotic approach. This qualitative study applies semiotic analysis to three official photographs depicting Soeharto’s agricultural activities and infrastructure development inspections. The analysis employs Peirce’s triadic model, consisting of sign, object, and interpretant, along with the classification of signs into icons, indexes, and symbols. The findings reveal that the photographs constructed Soeharto’s leadership image through icons of direct involvement, indexes of government development achievements, and symbols of stability, prosperity, and political authority. The study concludes that visual representations during the New Order era functioned not merely as documentation but also as political communication instruments that constructed and legitimized power through systematic meaning production.
New Order, Peirce Semiotics, Political Imagery, Soeharto, Visual Communication.
Copyright (c) 2026 Marya Ulfa Hidayah, Moch. Rikal Fahrizy, Wahibur Rohman, Moh. Dey Prayogo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Objectification of Women in TikTok’s “Pin-Up Tattoo” Search Results: A Discourse Analysis by Sara Mills
This study examines the objectification of women in the visual representation of pin-up tattoos on TikTok using a qualitative approach based on Sara Mills’ Critical Discourse Analysis framework. The data consisted of three visual content samples obtained from the keyword search “Pin-Up Tattoo” on TikTok, analyzed through three main elements: body exploitation, revealing clothing, and female character facial expressions. The findings reveal that women are consistently positioned as passive objects through body fragmentation, sexualized attributes, and expressions representing submission. Meanwhile, male tattoo owners and visual producers occupy the subject position by controlling the meaning of representation. The study demonstrates that pin-up tattoos function as a medium for reproducing the male gaze, reducing women into visual commodities. Furthermore, TikTok intensifies this process through massive content circulation, making objectifying representations increasingly normalized within digital culture.
Critical Discourse Analysis, Female Objectification, Male Gaze, Pin-Up Tattoo, Sara Mills.
Copyright (c) 2026 Chiara Ifani Mukti, Fikih Bintang Anggara (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Objectification of Women in the Lyrics of Dewa 19’s “Dua Sedjoli”: A Critical Discourse Analysis by Norman Fairclough
Popular songs function not only as entertainment but also as cultural media that reproduce ideology and social constructions, including gender relations. This study aims to reveal the objectification of women in the lyrics of Dua Sedjoli by Dewa 19 using Norman Fairclough's Critical Discourse Analysis. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, the study examines textual, discursive practice, and social practice dimensions. The findings indicate that the lyrics construct women as objects through ownership metaphors, imperative expressions, and religious legitimization that position men as dominant subjects. Discursive practice demonstrates that production, distribution, and audience reception normalize romantic narratives that conceal power relations. At the level of social practice, female objectification is reproduced through patriarchal values embedded in popular music. This study concludes that Dua Sedjoli functions as a discursive practice that subtly perpetuates male hegemony through the aesthetics of romantic lyrics.
Critical Discourse Analysis, Female Objectification, Norman Fairclough, Power Relations, Song Lyrics.
Copyright (c) 2026 Arnetta Prameswari Sholihati, Adiska Putria Nova (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Effect of Environmental Dioramas in Science Education on the Critical Thinking Skills of Fifth-Grade Elementary School Students
This study was motivated by teachers' difficulties in implementing the curriculum and managing the learning process, particularly in developing students' critical thinking skills, as well as limited instructional time, which contributes to students' low critical thinking ability. This study aimed to analyze the effect of environmental diorama media on the critical thinking skills of fifth-grade students in Integrated Science and Social Studies (IPAS) learning at MI PKP JIS. The study employed a quantitative approach using a one-group pretest–posttest design. The sample consisted of 23 fifth-grade students from Class V A Sunan Kalijaga, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using pretest and posttest instruments and analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. The results showed a significance value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), with the mean score increasing from 81 to 98.8, representing a 21.9% improvement, while the N-Gain score reached 0.93, indicating a high category. These findings demonstrate that environmental diorama media effectively improves students' critical thinking skills in IPAS learning.
Critical Thinking Skills, Elementary School, Environmental Diorama Media, IPAS, One-Group Pretest–Posttest.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nabila Faradhita Syah Fitri, Habudin Habudin, Oman Farhurohman, Rifqi Rijal, Wida Rachmiati (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Positive and Negative Impacts of Advances in Digital Technology
This study critically examines the dualistic paradigm of digital technology advancement across social humanities and educational landscapes through a critical literature review methodology. Synthesizing insights from network society and media convergence theories, the analysis delineates how digital infrastructure drives pedagogical innovation and household economic transformations while simultaneously inducing severe psychosocial pathologies. The systematic integration of multimedia instruments and electronic commerce platforms enhances efficiency, but unmonitored immersion triggers localized counterproductive behaviors such as cyberloafing and severe mental health distress including the fear of missing out. These findings underscore a critical tension between operational productivity and psychological degradation within contemporary digital environments, particularly among younger generations. Ultimately, mitigating these systemic vulnerabilities requires structured digital literacy regulations deployed cooperatively across institutional school frameworks and domestic family spheres to safeguard individual psychological resilience against algorithmic exploitation.
Digital transformation, Pedagogical innovation, Psychosocial dynamics, Cyberloafing, Digital literacy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Hafidl Zidan, Sausan Nabilah, Faqih Ash’Haabal Syai’Awwala, Zahra Davina Putri, Lintangsari Arum Siwi, Diva Febrianti Putri , Maulita Dwi Nispriliani , Vito Irsandya Arvin, Arif Widagdo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Carok as Self-Esteem: Korsa in the Philosophy and Ethics of Nusantara Culture
Carok is examined as a manifestation of self-esteem in Madurese society through the lens of Nusantara cultural philosophy and ethics, with particular focus on the value of korsa (courage). A qualitative descriptive design based on literature study was employed by analyzing scholarly texts on Madurese tradition, cultural philosophy, and Nusantara ethical systems. Hermeneutic interpretation indicates that korsa is not merely physical bravery but a structured moral force that integrates self-esteem (ajhâr) and shame (lebbher) within a relational ethical system. Within this framework, korsa operates as an ethical response activated when honor is threatened and conventional mechanisms of restoration are no longer effective. Carok emerges as the most extreme expression of korsa when restorative pathways fail to reestablish social dignity, showing that violence is culturally constructed as a last moral resort rather than irrational action. The findings demonstrate that the logic of carok is coherent within Madurese ethical reasoning, while contrasting sharply with state legal ethics that prioritize universal non-violence principles. Therefore, conflict prevention policies need to transform korsa into constructive forms of expression without erasing its cultural and philosophical foundations.
Carok, Cultural Philosophy, Korsa, Madurese Society, Nusantara Ethics.
Copyright (c) 2026 Harry Yulianto (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Influence of Gender Bias in Family Communication on Toxic Masculinity
This study examines the influence of gender bias in family communication on toxic masculinity among adolescent boys. The research employed an empirical quantitative approach with an associative design involving male students aged 12–15 years at SMP Negeri 74 Jakarta. Data were collected through structured questionnaires distributed using Google Forms and analyzed using binary logistic regression. Gender bias in family communication was measured through dimensions of marginalization, subordination, stereotypes, violence, and double burden, while toxic masculinity was assessed through threat and boost dimensions. The findings indicate that gender bias in family communication significantly affects toxic masculinity among adolescents, with a Nagelkerke R Square value of 0.719. The results demonstrate that patriarchal communication patterns within families contribute to the reproduction of rigid masculine norms among adolescent boys. Family based gender awareness is therefore essential to support healthier and more inclusive adolescent social development.
Bias Gender, Family Communication, Adolescents, Toxic Masculinity, Symbolic Interactionism.
Copyright (c) 2026 Febi Salsabila Adhani, Maya Oktaviani, Tarma Tarma (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Image of Ratu Tatu Chasanah as a Political Leader from the Perspective of Existential Feminism
This study examines the political leadership image of Ratu Tatu Chasanah through the perspective of Simone de Beauvoir’s existentialist feminism within the context of local politics in Indonesia. The research employed an empirical qualitative approach using a descriptive case study design focused on the political dynamics of Serang Regency. Data were collected through semi structured interviews, documentation studies, media reports, government archives, and academic literature related to women’s leadership and feminist political discourse. The findings demonstrate that Ratu Tatu Chasanah’s leadership represents a form of women’s existential affirmation within a patriarchal political structure through active participation in governance, strategic decision making, and the construction of public legitimacy. Her leadership also contributed to the transformation of social perceptions regarding women’s political capacities and weakened gender based stereotypes in local governance. From the perspective of existentialist feminism, political leadership becomes a medium through which women negotiate subjectivity, autonomy, and social recognition within contemporary democratic institutions.
Existentialist Feminism, Local Politics, Political Leadership, Ratu Tatu Chasanah, Women’s Representation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Daffa Pratama, Muhammad Adjie Akbar, Ika Arinia Indriyany (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Privatization of Marine Spaces and the Challenges of Coastal Zoning: A Case Study of the Tangerang Sea Wall
This study examines the juridical dynamics of marine spatial privatization and the weaknesses of coastal spatial control through the case of the Tangerang sea fence. The research employed normative legal research using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches supported by secondary legal materials, including legislation, court decisions, academic literature, and institutional reports. The findings indicate that marine spatial privatization occurred through physical restriction, administrative manipulation, and functional transformation of coastal areas that excluded traditional fishing communities from their living space. The study further reveals that regulatory fragmentation, post-HP3 normative gaps, overlapping institutional authority, and weak coastal supervision created structural vulnerabilities within Indonesia’s coastal governance system. Law enforcement mechanisms remained reactive and sectoral, resulting in delayed state intervention and inadequate protection of coastal communities. This study proposes reconstructing coastal spatial governance through integrated supervision, spatial technology, participatory monitoring, regulatory harmonization, and preventive law enforcement based on ecological governance and spatial justice principles.
Coastal Spatial Planning, Ecological Governance, Marine Privatization, Spatial Dispossession, Preventive Law Enforcement.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhamad Febri Pribadi, Ngesti Mukti Rezeki, Muhammad Anas Ulil Abshor Munif, Nataneila Astya Putri Asmana, Aprila Niravita, Muhammad Adymas Hikal Fikri (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Communication Patterns Between Teachers and Students in Character Education at Islamic Schools
This study examines the communication patterns between teachers and students in fostering moral development within Islamic schools through a systematic literature review approach. The research focuses on Islamic educational communication as a pedagogical and moral instrument in shaping students’ character formation. Data were obtained from academic journals, scholarly books, and scientific publications discussing interpersonal communication, persuasive communication, moral habituation, religious school culture, and character education within Islamic educational contexts. The findings indicate that interpersonal communication contributes to pedagogical trust and normative interaction between teachers and students, while persuasive and exemplary communication strengthens moral legitimacy and value internalization among learners. Religious habituation embedded in school culture reinforces ethical discipline and spiritual awareness among students. The study also reveals that communication effectiveness is influenced by family involvement, digital media exposure, heterogeneous student backgrounds, and institutional religious culture. This research contributes to the development of Islamic educational communication theory by positioning moral communication as an integrative process involving pedagogical, cultural, and social dimensions.
Teacher Communication, Student Interaction, Moral Development, Islamic Education, Character Formation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Izzudin Hitimala, Ahmad Faisal (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Legal Certainty Regarding Copyright Ownership of Works Created by Artificial Intelligence: An Analysis of Regulatory Gaps in Law No. 28 of 2014
This study aims to analyze the legal status of Artificial Intelligence-based works within the Indonesian copyright system, identify gaps in the legal framework regarding copyright ownership of AI works under Law No. 28 of 2014 on Copyright, and formulate directions for legal reform to ensure legal certainty in the digital age. The study employs a normative legal methodology with legislative, conceptual, and comparative approaches through an analysis of legislation, legal doctrine, court decisions, and scholarly literature related to Artificial Intelligence and intellectual property rights. The research findings indicate that Indonesia’s copyright legal system remains rooted in the human authorship paradigm, which positions humans as the sole creators; consequently, works generated by generative AI have not yet received legal certainty regarding protection. This regulatory gap creates ambiguity regarding ownership attribution, economic rights, moral rights, and legal liability in the commercialization of AI-based digital works. This study underscores the need for a reconstruction of copyright law through the reformulation of the concept of the creator, the redefinition of the principle of originality, and the establishment of adaptive and transformative Artificial Intelligence regulations to maintain a balance between technological innovation, intellectual property protection, and national legal certainty.
Artificial Intelligence, Copyright, Legal Certainty, Regulatory Gap, Originality.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ditha Maharani, Moh. Wazir Kamil, Yuyun Meliyani, Ikhwan Aulia Fatahillah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Impact of Digital Technology Advancements on Education and Students’ Moral Character in the Digital Transformation Era
Digital transformation has reshaped educational systems and influenced the moral development of students within contemporary learning environments. This study aimed to critically examine the implications of technological advancement for educational practices and the moral character of students in the digital era. The research employed a systematic literature review with a qualitative descriptive approach through the analysis of academic journals, policy documents, and conceptual studies related to digital literacy, moral education, and educational transformation. The findings indicate that digital technology improves educational accessibility, learning flexibility, and pedagogical innovation while simultaneously intensifying moral challenges including cyberbullying, digital plagiarism, declining critical thinking, post truth orientation, and social individualism. The study also reveals the emergence of cultural lag caused by the imbalance between technological acceleration and moral preparedness within educational institutions. A humanistic digital education model integrating ethical literacy, character education, empathy, and responsible technology governance is required to strengthen moral resilience among students in the twenty first century.
Digital Transformation, Moral Education, Digital Literacy, Humanistic Education, Character Development.
Copyright (c) 2026 Farkhan Maulana, Areta Nasywa, Rissa Ramadhani, Berlian Adinda P.P., Milda Ayu Akmila, Khusna Ziadatun R., Muhammad Ariyanto P, Arif Widagdo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Effect of Exposure to Paragonation Instagram Content on the Image of PT Paragon Technology and Innovation (Survey of Followers of the @Paragonation Instagram Account)
This study aims to analyze the influence of exposure to @paragonation Instagram content on the image of PT Paragon Technology and Innovation among followers of the @paragonation Instagram account in the context of corporate digital communication. The study employs a quantitative approach with an explanatory survey design, utilizing an online questionnaire distributed to followers who had viewed the “Paragon Flies an Airplane” Reels content. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 31.0 through descriptive tests, simple linear regression, t-tests, and the coefficient of determination. The results indicate that Instagram content exposure falls into the high category, dominated by the attention dimension, while the company’s image received very positive ratings in the dimensions of corporate personality, corporate reputation, corporate value, and corporate identity. Statistical analysis revealed a significant influence of Instagram content exposure on corporate image, with a coefficient of determination of 53.8%. These findings demonstrate that Instagram Reels can function as an effective digital public relations tool in building positive perceptions, social legitimacy, and emotional closeness between companies and the public in the era of interactive social media.
Instagram Reels, Media Exposure, Corporate Image, Public Relations, Digital Communication.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nur Hamidah, Istisari Bulan Lageni (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
A Semantic Analysis of Figurative Meaning in the Song “Photograph” by Ed Sheeran
This study examines figurative meaning in the lyrics of Photograph by Ed Sheeran through a semantic and textual analysis approach. The research employed a non-empirical qualitative design grounded in library-based interpretation using the official song lyrics as the primary data source. The analysis focused on metaphorical, symbolic, hyperbolic, and contextual expressions interpreted through semantic theories proposed by Leech and Lyons. The findings indicate that figurative language in the song functions as an integrated semantic system for representing emotional memory, intimacy, longing, and relational permanence. Denotative and connotative meanings interact dynamically to construct emotional depth while maintaining lexical accessibility. Contextual semantics also strengthens interpretation because emotional meaning emerges through thematic continuity, situational imagination, and symbolic association rather than isolated lexical forms. Expressions related to photographs, frozen time, and emotional return create psychologically resonant imagery that intensifies listener engagement. The study confirms that contemporary song lyrics operate as literary discourse capable of encoding complex emotional experiences through semantically layered yet linguistically simple expressions.
Semantic Analysis, Figurative Meaning, Song Lyrics, Connotative Meaning, Emotional Representation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Enzelly Hernita Sidabalok, Bernieke Anggita Ristia Damanik (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Strategi Adaptasi Pemenuhan Pangan Halal pada Keluarga Migran Indonesia di Jepang: Ditinjau melalui Literasi Pangan Halal
This study aims to analyze the influence of halal food literacy on adaptation strategies for meeting halal food needs among Indonesian migrant families in Japan. A quantitative associative approach was used, with 96 respondents selected via simple random sampling in the Toyota area of Japan. Data were collected through an online questionnaire and analyzed using Spearman’s correlation and non-parametric cubic regression. The results indicate that halal food literacy falls into the moderate category, characterized by a strong reliance on halal labels, while halal awareness remains low. Adaptation strategies also fall into the moderate category, with innovation emerging as the primary form of consumption adjustment. A positive and significant relationship exists between literacy and adaptation strategies, with a high correlation strength. However, this relationship is non-linear, meaning that increased literacy does not always consistently result in increased adaptation. This condition indicates that structural and social factors also influence the adaptation patterns of migrant families in meeting their halal food needs in Japan.
Halal Food Literacy, Adaptation Strategies, Migrant Families, Japan, Halal Consumption.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tarma Tarma, Rahma Shabrina Oktarianti, Prastiti Laras Nugraheni (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Islamic Holistic Approach to Ecology: An Examination of Al-Ghazali's Thought in the Context of Contemporary Environmental Ethics
This study examines the ecological dimensions of Al-Ghazali’s thought in Ihya’ Ulum al-Din through a conceptual hermeneutic approach and comparative analysis with contemporary environmental ethics. The objective is to reconstruct the ontological, ethical, and cosmological foundations of Islamic ecology based on the integrated concepts of Tawhid, Khalifah, and Mizan, and to assess their relevance within modern sustainability discourse. This research employs a non-empirical qualitative design relying on classical textual analysis and contemporary environmental literature. The findings indicate that Tawhid establishes an ontological unity of creation, Khalifah constructs a framework of human moral responsibility as trustees of the earth, and Mizan articulates cosmic balance as a normative principle of ecological stability. The integration of these three concepts produces a holistic ecological model that resonates conceptually with planetary boundary theory and sustainability ethics, while remaining grounded in a theocentric metaphysical foundation. The study concludes that Al-Ghazali’s ecological thought is not only historically significant but also theoretically constructive for global environmental ethics. Its main contribution lies in the systematic reconstruction of Islamic ecology as an alternative paradigm in contemporary environmental studies.
Al-Ghazali, Islamic Ecology, Tawhid, Khalifah, Mizan.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmad Zain Sarnoto (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
An In-Depth Semantic Analysis of Denotative and Connotative Meaning in the Song Lyrics of ‘Let Her Go’ by Passenger
This study examines the semantic construction of denotative and connotative meanings in the song lyrics of “Let Her Go” by Passenger through a non-empirical qualitative design grounded in Geoffrey Leech’s theory of meaning. The analysis focuses on how literal lexical references and implied emotional significations interact to produce layered interpretations within lyrical discourse. Data were obtained from the complete song lyrics and analyzed through close reading, semantic categorization, and contextual interpretation. The findings reveal that denotative meanings function as structural anchors that provide literal clarity, while connotative meanings dominate the interpretive dimension by expressing emotional experiences such as regret, loneliness, love, and realization. The study further identifies that repetition, symbolism, metaphor, and binary oppositions such as light and darkness significantly contribute to semantic depth and thematic coherence. Interaction between denotative and connotative layers forms a unified interpretive system that enables emotional resonance and narrative progression. The research concludes that semantic analysis is essential in revealing the complex relationship between literal and emotional meanings in song lyrics.
Semantics, Denotative Meaning, Connotative Meaning, Song Lyrics, Interpretation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yenni Adelina Sinaga, Bernieke Anggita Ristia Damanik (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
An Analysis of Polysemy in the Song Lyrics ‘Shape of You’ by Ed Sheeran: A Lexical Semantics Study
This study investigates polysemy in Ed Sheeran’s “Shape of You” using a non-empirical qualitative design grounded in lexical semantics. The research aims to identify polysemous lexical items, examine their contextual meanings, and analyze their semantic functions in shaping lyrical interpretation. Data were obtained from the official song lyrics and analyzed through descriptive textual analysis involving lexical identification, contextual classification, and semantic interpretation. The findings reveal that numerous lexical items such as “shape,” “heart,” “fall,” and “touch” exhibit systematic meaning extensions between literal and metaphorical domains. Context plays a crucial role in determining meaning selection, allowing lexical ambiguity to function as a controlled interpretive mechanism. The study further shows that polysemy contributes to aesthetic structuring, emotional intensification, and communicative efficiency within the lyrics. These functions demonstrate that lexical meaning in song discourse is dynamically constructed rather than fixed. Overall, polysemy operates as a central semantic strategy that enhances both interpretive depth and artistic expression in contemporary popular music.
Polysemy, Lexical Semantics, Song Lyrics, Contextual Meaning, Semantic Analysis.
Copyright (c) 2026 Octania Romaito Rajagukguk, Bernieke Anggita Ristia Damanik (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
A Semantic Analysis of Literal and Figurative Meaning in the Song “Let Her Go” by Passenger
This study examines the construction of literal and figurative meanings in Passenger’s song Let Her Go through a non-empirical qualitative semantic analysis based on textual interpretation. The primary data consist of the official lyrics of the song, analyzed through close reading, semantic categorization, and contextual interpretation informed by semantic and discourse theories. The findings indicate that literal meanings function as experiential grounding that represents emotional states such as loneliness and introspection in a direct and descriptive manner. Figurative meanings, however, dominate the lyrical structure through metaphors, symbolism, contrast, and paradox that articulate complex emotional themes of love, loss, regret, and delayed realization. In addition, the recurrent structural pattern “only know… when…” strengthens thematic coherence by emphasizing retrospective awareness as the central message of the song. The interaction between literal and figurative meanings constructs a layered semantic system in which emotional depth emerges from the interplay between denotative description and connotative representation. These findings confirm that meaning in song lyrics is dynamically constructed through contextual and interpretative processes.
Semantics, Literal Meaning, Figurative Meaning, Song Lyrics Analysis, Passenger.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mita Syah Putri Silalahi, Bernieke Anggita Ristia Damanik (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0