Journal of Health, Medical, and Psychological Studies
Sanitas: Journal of Health, Medical, and Psychological Studies is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by CV Scripta Intelektual Mandiri, issued three times a year (April, August, and December). The journal publishes research articles and scholarly papers in the fields of health, medicine, pharmacy, and psychology, in both English and Indonesian. It operates under an open-access model with a CC BY-SA 4.0 license and charges no article processing fees (free APC).
The Effectiveness of Game-Based Eye Health Education in Improving the Knowledge of Students at Sampangan Public Elementary School No. 01
Visual impairment among elementary school children remains a growing public health concern associated with excessive gadget use, prolonged near-work activities, and limited awareness of eye health behaviors. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of game-based eye health education in improving students’ knowledge regarding eye health and prevention of visual impairment at SD Negeri 01 Sampangan. The study employed a pre-experimental one-group pre-test and post-test design involving 24 students selected through total sampling. The intervention used educational games, including right-left games, picture guessing, eye health monopoly, and word-search activities. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using paired samples test. The findings showed a significant increase in students with good knowledge from 25.0% to 50.0%, while poor knowledge decreased from 45.8% to 12.5%. Statistical analysis indicated a significant difference between pre-test and post-test scores (p < 0.001). Snellen chart examination also supported early detection of visual impairment among students. Game-based eye health education was effective as an interactive and preventive school health promotion strategy.
Myopia, Visual Impairment, Health Promotion, Educational Games, Elementary School.
Kharisma Arda Nur Annisa Oktavianingtyas
Copyright (c) 2026 Salma Rif’atun Nisa, Devinna Putri Mariyanda, Depi Eni Hutauruk, Kharisma Arda Nur Annisa Oktavianingtyas, Fifi Amalia, Kirana Jeany Aldyana, Syaika Yunia Mustafida (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Nursing Care for Patients Post-Craniotomy Due to Intracranial Tumors with Range of Motion Interventions: A Case Study at the Intensive Care Unit of Royal Prima General Hospital, Medan, in 2026
Post-craniotomy patients with intracranial tumors commonly experience respiratory instability, impaired cerebral perfusion, decreased consciousness, and immobilization requiring intensive nursing care in the Intensive Care Unit. This study aimed to analyze the implementation of passive Range of Motion (ROM) intervention in improving respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and physiological responses in post-craniotomy patients. The study used a descriptive qualitative case study approach involving a 58-year-old male patient treated in the ICU of RSU Royal Prima Medan in March 2026. Data were obtained through clinical observation, respiratory assessment, vital sign monitoring, and medical record documentation using SDKI, SIKI, and SLKI standards. The findings indicated clinical improvement characterized by decreased respiratory rate, stable oxygen saturation, reduced ronchi and bloody sputum, lower restlessness, and improved activity tolerance. Passive ROM intervention contributed to physiological stabilization and prevention of immobilization-related complications during intensive care. These findings demonstrate that evidence-based nursing care supports neurocritical recovery and postoperative rehabilitation outcomes in post-craniotomy patients.
Passive ROM, Respiratory Rate, Oxygen Saturation, Post-Craniotomy, Intensive Care Unit.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurhayatika Sidabutar, Julia Fransisca Sinaga, Sarina Lahagu, Endah Juni Sastri Telaumbanua, Yosefhine Christine S. Sihombing, Kristina L Silalahi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of a Food Safety Awareness Intervention on Elementary School Students’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices: A Pre-Experimental Study at Gajahmungkur 01 Public Elementary School
Food safety among elementary school children remains a significant public health concern due to the increased risk of foodborne diseases caused by unhygienic food consumption and poor hygiene behavior. This study aimed to analyze the effect of a food safety awareness intervention on students’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding food hygiene and clean healthy living behavior at SD Negeri Gajahmungkur 01 Semarang. The study employed a quantitative pre-experimental design using a one group pre-test post-test approach involving 81 students from grades IV, V, and VI selected through total sampling. The intervention consisted of food safety education, germ transmission simulations, safe snack identification, and handwashing demonstrations. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The findings demonstrated significant improvements across all variables after intervention (p<0.05). The highest increase occurred in grade IV students, particularly in attitudes and practices (53.6%). Interactive and practice-based educational methods contributed to behavioral adaptation and strengthened preventive hygiene habits among elementary school students.
Food Safety Awareness, Food Safety, Knowledge, Attitude, Practice.
Copyright (c) 2026 Farida Rahmawati, Zulfa Ida Eliza , Salwa Aldama Savika, Firsta Khanania Mayda , Firannisa Rafa Adinda I. , Ravenska Praditya Ramadhani P., Athaya Risqullah Qurratu Aini (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effectiveness of the “CERDIK” Program in Improving Knowledge and Attitudes Toward the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Among Students at Ma’had Islam Junior High School in Semarang
Adolescent lifestyle changes characterized by excessive consumption of sugary foods and beverages combined with low physical activity have increased the risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at a younger age. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of the CERDIK Program (Cegah Risiko Diabetes dengan Kendalikan Gula) in improving knowledge and preventive attitudes toward Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among students of SMP Ma’had Islam Semarang. The study employed a quantitative quasi-experimental design using a one-group pre-test–post-test approach involving 30 students selected through total sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test with a significance level of 95% (α=0.05). The results demonstrated significant improvements in both knowledge and preventive attitudes after the intervention. The median knowledge score increased from 70 to 90, while the median attitude score improved from 75 to 83.75, with p-value <0.001. The CERDIK Program proved effective in promoting preventive behavior and strengthening adolescent health literacy regarding Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus prevention in school settings.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Adolescents, CERDIK Program, Health Education, Preventive Attitude.
Copyright (c) 2026 Meylina Novita Sari, Fidya Nur Fajrina, Gitta Dhiana Saputri, Niken Mashitoh, Adinda Wisha Maharani, Aura Delillah, Najwa Aulia Rahma Larsana Putri (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis of Nursing Care for Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Case Study of Respiratory Disorders at Royal Prima General Hospital in Medan
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which primarily affects the lungs. The bacteria can also affect other organs, such as the lymph nodes, skin, digestive tract, meninges, and others. Tuberculosis is transmitted through the air. Most people who are infected do not show symptoms, as the bacteria can remain dormant in the body and become active when the immune system is compromised. The primary symptoms of pulmonary TB are a persistent cough and the production of sputum. The objective of this study is to determine the nursing care for pulmonary tuberculosis provided to Mr. R at Royal Prima Hospital in Medan. This nursing care study employs a descriptive case study research method. This is a study focused on a comprehensive, in-depth exploration of nursing care issues for a single individual, from assessment through evaluation. The assessment revealed complaints of coughing up blood for 2 days and a productive cough for 2 weeks, audible rales, weight loss, confusion, and a lack of knowledge regarding his condition. The nursing diagnoses identified were ineffective airway clearance, nutritional deficit, and knowledge deficit. The interventions implemented included airway management, bleeding prevention, nutritional management, and health education. The evaluation was conducted after the nursing interventions were implemented, resulting in the issues being fully resolved.
Nursing Care, Disorders, Patients, Respiratory System, Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Copyright (c) 2026 Yesa Meliana Marbun, Ramadhani Ramadhani, Yohana Notris Telaumbanua, Meiman Harapan Nduru, Robin Ferdiansyah Sitopu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
An Overview of Anxiety Levels Among Residents in Flood-Prone Areas in Sawahan Village, Klaten Regency
Flood disasters frequently affect communities in vulnerable areas and may cause psychological problems, particularly anxiety. Sawahan Village, Juwiring District, Klaten Regency, is one of the flood-prone areas that experiences recurrent flooding each rainy season. Objective: This study aimed to describe the level of anxiety among people living in flood-prone areas. This quantitative descriptive study was conducted among 97 respondents selected using purposive sampling from a population of 319 residents in RT 01 and RT 02 Dukuh Bulurejo, Sawahan Village. Data were collected using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) questionnaire and analyzed through univariate analysis. Most respondents experienced mild anxiety (60.8%), followed by moderate anxiety (22.7%), no anxiety (14.4%), and severe anxiety (2.1%). The majority of people living in flood-prone areas of Sawahan Village experienced mild anxiety, indicating the presence of psychological impacts caused by repeated flood disasters while showing relatively adaptive coping abilities within the community.
Community Anxiety, Flood Disaster, Disaster-Prone Areas, Mental Health Resilience, Disaster Mitigation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Devitya Febryani Anjari Putri, Eska Dwi Prajayanti (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship Between “Life Goes On” and Resilience in Individuals Who Have Attempted Suicide
Suicide attempts are a complex mental health issue with long-term psychological implications, particularly regarding an individual’s ability to adaptively rebuild their life. This study aims to understand experiences of resilience among individuals who have attempted suicide. The method used is a qualitative approach with an interpretive phenomenological design, involving three participants selected through purposive sampling based on specific criteria. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and triangulation with supporting informants, then analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). The results indicate that resilience is formed through a dynamic process encompassing phases of a crisis of meaning, reconstruction of self-identity, and the strengthening of protective factors such as social support, adaptive coping mechanisms, and life meaning. Furthermore, temporal factors play a crucial role in stabilizing participants’ psychological conditions. These findings affirm that resilience is a multidimensional process that develops gradually through the interaction between an individual’s subjective experiences and social context.
Meaning of Life, Adaptive Coping, Suicide Attempt, Resilience, Social Support.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sania Utami Putri, Mario Pratama (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship Between Workload and Stress Levels Among Nurses at Kraton Regional General Hospital in Pekalongan Regency
Workload refers to a series of tasks that must be completed within a specific timeframe, involving both physical and mental abilities. An imbalance between job demands and an individual’s capacity can trigger work-related stress, particularly among nurses. This study aims to analyze the relationship between workload and stress levels among nurses at Kraton Regional General Hospital in Pekalongan Regency. The study employed a quantitative correlational design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 58 inpatient nurses selected using total sampling according to inclusion criteria. The instruments used were the Nurse Workload Questionnaire and the Extended Nursing Stress Scale (ENSS). Data analysis was conducted using univariate and bivariate methods with the Spearman Rank test. The results showed that the majority of respondents had a moderate workload (50%) and moderate stress levels (48.3%). Bivariate analysis revealed a positive and significant relationship between workload and nurses’ stress levels (r = 0.529; p < 0.05). These findings indicate that an increase in workload contributes to higher stress levels among nurses.
Workload, Nurses, Kraton Regional General Hospital, Work-related stress, Stress levels.
Copyright (c) 2026 Khusaeri Nanda Rosandi, Rahayu Winarti, Endang Supriyanti (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME) via an E-Booklet on Self-Efficacy Among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus at Kajen Pekalongan Regional General Hospital
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder with a steadily increasing prevalence at both global and national levels. This condition poses a high risk of severe complications, including cardiovascular disease, renal failure, and neuropathy. Effective management of DM requires active patient participation through Diabetes Self-Management (DSM), which is strongly influenced by self-efficacy. However, many patients still exhibit low self-efficacy, highlighting the need for educational interventions such as Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME), including those delivered through digital media like e-booklets. This study aims to examine the effect of DSME delivered via e-booklets on the self-efficacy of DM patients at RSUD Kajen Pekalongan. The study employed a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design without a control group. The population consisted of hospitalized DM patients, with an average of 92 patients per month, and a sample of 92 respondents selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using the Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale questionnaire and analyzed through frequency distribution and the Wilcoxon test. The results indicate that 90% of respondents had low self-efficacy prior to the intervention, which increased to 66.9% in the moderate category following the intervention. Statistical analysis revealed a significant effect (p = 0.000), confirming that e-booklet-based DSME effectively enhances self-efficacy among patients with DM.
Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes Self-Management Education, E-Booklet, Self-Efficacy, Wilcoxon Test.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lia Leonita, Emilia Puspitasari , Rahayu Winarti (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of Nurse Education on Parental Involvement and Children’s Anxiety Levels During IV Insertion in the Emergency Department of Kajen Regional General Hospital
Intravenous (IV) insertion is an invasive medical procedure that frequently induces pain, fear, and anxiety in children. Parental presence plays a crucial role in providing emotional support and comfort. Nursing education is considered an effective strategy to enhance parents’ understanding and involvement, thereby helping to reduce children’s anxiety during medical procedures. This study aimed to examine the effect of nursing education on parental roles and children’s anxiety levels during IV insertion in the Emergency Department of RSUD Kajen. This study employed a quasi-experimental design using a posttest-only control group approach. The sample consisted of 46 pediatric patients and their parents, selected through accidental sampling. The intervention involved a single five-minute nursing education session. Research instruments included a structured educational plan (SAP), a parental role questionnaire, and the Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale (PARS). Data were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney test. The results revealed that the majority of parents in the intervention group demonstrated good roles (91.3%), while those in the control group were predominantly in the moderate category (69.6%). Children in the intervention group mostly experienced mild anxiety (69.6%), whereas moderate anxiety was more common in the control group (52.2%). There was a statistically significant effect of nursing education on both parental roles and children’s anxiety levels (p-value = 0.001). Nursing education is therefore effective in improving parental involvement and reducing children’s anxiety during IV insertion.
Anxiety, IV Insertion, Nurse Education, Parental Role, Pediatric Patients.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ainia Dian Murniyanti, Heny Prasetyorini (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship Between Knowledge of Diabetes and Fast Food Consumption: An Observational Study on the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Eleventh-Grade Students at Sultan Agung 1 Islamic High School in Semarang
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is increasingly observed among adolescents, driven by unhealthy dietary behaviors and lifestyle transitions. This study aimed to examine the relationship between diabetes knowledge and fast food consumption behavior as a risk factor for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among eleventh-grade students at SMA Islam Sultan Agung 1 Semarang. An observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design was conducted involving 94 respondents selected through total sampling based on inclusion criteria. Data were collected using the Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire (DKQ) and Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), and analyzed using Spearman correlation with a significance level of p<0.05. The findings indicate that a considerable proportion of respondents exhibited low knowledge levels and frequent fast food consumption patterns. Statistical analysis revealed a significant but weak positive correlation between knowledge and consumption behavior. These results suggest that knowledge alone is insufficient to shape healthy dietary practices, as external determinants such as environment, accessibility, and social influences also play substantial roles. Comprehensive interventions integrating education, behavioral strategies, and environmental modifications are required to effectively reduce metabolic disease risk among adolescents.
Diabetes Knowledge, Fast Food Consumption, Adolescents, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Dietary Behavior.
Copyright (c) 2026 Raissha Anandita, Nur Anna Chalimah Sadyah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship Between Knowledge of Diabetes and Consumption of Sugary Beverages: An Observational Study on the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Eleventh-Grade Students at Sultan Agung 1 Islamic High School in Semarang
This study investigates the association between diabetes knowledge and sweetened beverage consumption behavior among adolescents as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus. A cross-sectional analytical observational design was employed involving 94 eleventh-grade students selected through stratified random sampling from a senior high school in Semarang, Indonesia. Data were collected using the Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire (DKQ-24) and a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), followed by univariate and chi-square analyses. The findings indicate that a substantial proportion of respondents demonstrated low levels of diabetes-related knowledge, while the majority reported infrequent consumption of sweetened beverages. Statistical analysis revealed a significant relationship between knowledge level and consumption behavior (p = 0.016), suggesting that cognitive factors contribute to shaping dietary patterns among adolescents. However, the observed behavioral patterns also reflect the influence of contextual determinants beyond knowledge, including environmental exposure, family practices, and lifestyle norms. These findings highlight that improving knowledge alone may not be sufficient to modify health behavior. Comprehensive preventive strategies integrating educational interventions and supportive environmental structures are essential to effectively reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adolescent populations.
Diabetes Mellitus, Knowledge Level, Sweetened Beverages, Adolescent Behavior, Health Risk.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zahra Nabila Arum Mathilda, Nur Anna Chalimah Sadyah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Evaluation of the Use of the Hospital Management Information System Using the TAM Method at Ir. Soekarno Regional General Hospital, Sukoharjo Regency
This study aims to evaluate the use of Hospital Management Information Systems (SIMRS) at RSUD Ir. Soekarno Sukoharjo using the Technology Acceptance Model framework. A quantitative descriptive approach with a cross-sectional design was employed, involving 54 respondents selected through total sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires based on key TAM constructs, including perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitude toward using, behavioral intention to use, and actual usage. The findings indicate that users generally perceive SIMRS as easy to use and beneficial in supporting healthcare service processes. These perceptions significantly contribute to the formation of positive user attitudes and strengthen behavioral intentions to continuously use the system. Furthermore, actual usage is reflected in consistent and routine system utilization in daily operational activities. However, some limitations remain, particularly related to the optimization of advanced features and system efficiency. The study highlights that successful implementation of SIMRS depends not only on user acceptance but also on continuous system improvement and user capacity development. Strengthening training programs and enhancing technical performance are essential to maximize system effectiveness and improve the overall quality of healthcare services.
SIMRS, Technology Acceptance Model, User Acceptance, Healthcare Information System, System Utilization.
Copyright (c) 2026 Herlinda Kartika Maharani, I Putu Juni Andika, Tunjung Sri Yuliati, Yovita Prabawati Tirta Dharma (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effectiveness of Guided Imagery Therapy in Reducing Acute Pain in Postoperative Patients with Left Breast Cancer: A Case Study
Acute postoperative pain in patients with left breast carcinoma is a clinical problem that requires a comprehensive approach. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of guided imagery therapy in reducing pain intensity in post-mastectomy patients. The method used was an empirical descriptive case study of a 50-year-old female patient undergoing treatment in the surgical ward of a referral hospital. Guided imagery interventions were administered for 10–15 minutes per session, once daily for three days, and conducted two hours after ketorolac administration. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and medical record documentation using the NRS scale, PQRST, and vital sign monitoring. Results showed a decrease in pain scores from 7 to 3, accompanied by improvements in blood pressure and pulse rate. The effectiveness of the therapy was influenced by the combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Guided imagery played a role in enhancing relaxation and reducing the patients’ stress response. However, the limitations of the case study design restrict the generalizability of the results. Further research is needed for additional validation.
Breast Cancer, Acute Pain, Guided Imagery, Postoperative, Nursing
Copyright (c) 2026 Fitria Awaliyah, Rosiana Nur Imallah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship Between Anxiety Levels and Sleep Quality in Cancer Patients at Columbia Asia Semarang General Hospital
This study aimed to examine the relationship between anxiety levels and sleep quality among cancer patients in a clinical setting. A quantitative empirical approach with a cross-sectional design was employed, involving 35 respondents selected through consecutive sampling. Anxiety was measured using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS), while sleep quality was assessed using the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS). The findings revealed that most patients experienced moderate to severe anxiety and mild to moderate insomnia. Bivariate analysis using Spearman Rank correlation demonstrated a very strong and statistically significant positive relationship between anxiety levels and sleep quality (ρ = 0.937; p < 0.05). Higher anxiety levels were consistently associated with poorer sleep quality. This relationship can be explained through biopsychosocial mechanisms, including sympathetic nervous system activation and stress-related hormonal changes that disrupt sleep regulation. These findings highlight the importance of integrating psychological assessment and sleep evaluation into routine cancer care. Comprehensive interventions, including psychosocial support, patient education, and relaxation techniques, are recommended to improve overall patient well-being and clinical outcomes.
Anxiety, Sleep Quality, Cancer Patients, Insomnia, Correlation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yushita Septiana, Dwi Retnaningsih (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship Between Nurses’ Knowledge of Patient Safety and Compliance with the 7 Rights of Medication Administration in the Inpatient Ward of Columbia Asia Semarang Surgical Hospital
This study examines the relationship between nurses’ knowledge of patient safety and their compliance with the seven rights principle of medication administration in an inpatient setting at a specialized surgical hospital in Semarang. A quantitative empirical approach with a cross-sectional correlational design was employed, involving 54 nurses selected through total sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and observational checklists, and analyzed using Spearman rank correlation. The findings indicate a statistically significant positive correlation with moderate strength, suggesting that higher levels of knowledge are associated with better compliance in medication practices. The results highlight that knowledge functions as a critical cognitive foundation influencing clinical behavior and adherence to safety protocols. However, variations in compliance suggest the involvement of additional factors such as workload, organizational support, and patient safety culture. These findings emphasize the need for integrated strategies combining continuous education, clinical supervision, and system-level interventions to enhance patient safety outcomes. Strengthening institutional policies and fostering a safety-oriented environment are essential to reduce medication errors and improve healthcare quality.
Patient Safety, Nurse Knowledge, Medication Administration, Compliance, Hospital Care.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kusriyati Kusriyati, Rahayu Winarti P (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship Between Spousal Support and Adherence to Three-Month Contraceptive Injections: A Literature Review
This study aims to critically examine the relationship between husband’s support and compliance with three-month injectable contraceptive visits using a systematic literature review design. Data were derived from peer-reviewed national and international journals published over the past decade and selected through PRISMA procedures based on relevance, methodological rigor, and explicit reporting of both variables. The synthesis indicates that husband’s support functions as a multidimensional construct comprising emotional, informational, instrumental, and decisional elements that shape adherence behavior. Evidence suggests that such support not only reinforces women’s motivation but also interacts with socio-cultural environments and health system structures influencing continuity of contraceptive use. Differences across studies reveal that effectiveness is mediated by communication quality, gender norms, and service accessibility. Strengthening male engagement through integrated reproductive health strategies is therefore essential to improve continuity of care and optimize family planning program outcomes.
Husband Support, Contraceptive Compliance, Injectable Contraception, Family Planning, Reproductive Health.
Copyright (c) 2026 Cornelia Widyadhari Gita Paramesti, Is Susiloningtyas (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of Diazinon Pesticide Administration on Elevated SGPT (Serum Glutamic-Pyruvic Transaminase) Levels in Male Mice
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of diazinon pesticide exposure on serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) levels in male mice as a biomarker of liver injury. A true experimental design with a posttest-only control group approach was implemented using 25 male mice (Mus musculus) randomly assigned into one control group and four treatment groups with graded diazinon doses. The exposure was administered orally for 10 consecutive days under controlled laboratory conditions. Blood samples were collected to measure SGPT levels using a kinetic spectrophotometric method. Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc testing to determine intergroup differences. The findings demonstrated a significant elevation of SGPT levels in all treatment groups compared to the control (p < 0.05), indicating hepatocellular damage. Further analysis revealed significant differences between treatment groups, suggesting a dose-related toxic effect. These results confirm that diazinon exposure induces liver dysfunction and enzymatic alterations, emphasizing its hepatotoxic potential.
Diazinon, SGPT, Hepatotoxicity, Liver, Mus Musculus.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ryan Raditya (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Application of Al-Qur’an Recitation Therapy to Reduce Anxiety in Preoperative Patients at Aro General Hospital in Pekalongan
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of murottal Al-Qur’an therapy in reducing anxiety levels among preoperative patients at RSU Aro Pekalongan. A quantitative empirical design using a one group pretest–posttest approach was applied to assess intra-subject changes before and after intervention. The sample consisted of four respondents selected through purposive sampling based on specific inclusion criteria. Anxiety levels were measured using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS), which has demonstrated high reliability in clinical assessment. The intervention involved listening to Surah Ar-Rahman for approximately 15 minutes prior to surgery. The findings indicated a consistent decrease in anxiety scores across all participants, with varying degrees of reduction reflecting individual responses to the therapy. These results suggest that murottal therapy provides both physiological and psychological benefits, contributing to improved emotional stability and relaxation. The study highlights the potential of integrating spiritual-based interventions into nursing practice as a complementary approach to enhance preoperative care and patient well-being.
Murottal Therapy, Anxiety, Preoperative Patients, Nursing Intervention, Spiritual Care
Copyright (c) 2026 Nur Pratiwi, Maulidta Karunianingtyas (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship Between Surgical Procedure Duration and the Incidence of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Among Nurses in the Central Surgical Unit at Kajen Regional General Hospital and Kesesi Regional General Hospital in Pekalongan Regency
This study aimed to examine the relationship between operative duration and the incidence of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) among nurses working in the Central Operating Room of Kajen and Kesesi Regional Hospitals, Pekalongan Regency. A quantitative empirical approach with a correlational design was applied, involving 51 nurses selected through total sampling. Data were collected using structured observation to measure operative duration in monthly hours and the validated Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (Quick DASH) questionnaire to assess CTS-related functional impairment. Statistical analysis using Spearman Rank test revealed a significant and strong positive relationship between operative duration and CTS incidence. These findings indicate that prolonged exposure to operative activities increases biomechanical stress on the median nerve, leading to functional impairment. The study highlights the importance of ergonomic interventions, workload management, and early detection strategies in preventing CTS among operating room nurses. This research contributes to occupational nursing science by providing empirical evidence and proposing a context-based preventive model relevant to hospital settings.
Operative Duration, Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Operating Room Nurses, Ergonomic Risk, Occupational Health.
Copyright (c) 2026 Pipit Nurainun, Wahyuningsih Wahyuningsih, Dyah Restuning P (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship Between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Blood Pressure in Patients in the Hypertension Referral Program at the Somagede Community Health Center in Banyumas
This study aimed to analyze the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure among patients enrolled in the hypertension referral-back program at Somagede Primary Health Center, Banyumas. A quantitative cross-sectional design was applied involving 142 respondents selected through purposive sampling from a population of 220 patients. Data were obtained from secondary clinical records and analyzed using chi-square tests and contingency coefficient analysis. The findings demonstrated a statistically significant association between BMI and blood pressure (p = 0.001), with a moderate positive correlation (cc = 0.399). The distribution indicated that individuals with higher BMI categories, particularly overweight and obese groups, exhibited greater proportions of elevated blood pressure levels, including stage I and stage II hypertension. These results support the role of BMI as an important clinical indicator in assessing hypertension severity. However, the moderate strength of association suggests the involvement of additional contributing factors. Integrating weight management strategies into primary healthcare interventions may enhance blood pressure control among hypertensive patients in community-based programs.
Body Mass Index, Blood Pressure, Hypertension, Primary Healthcare, Referral Program.
Copyright (c) 2026 Purnomo Ardi Wibowo, Mariah Ulfah, Madyo Maryoto (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship between Stress Levels and Nutritional Status of Final Year Undergraduate Students at the Faculty of Nursing, Unissula
Final-year students are vulnerable to academic stress due to the demands of completing their thesis. Unmanaged stress can affect eating patterns and lead to changes in nutritional status. This study aimed to determine the relationship between stress levels and nutritional status among final-year undergraduate nursing students at Sultan Agung Islamic University (UNISSULA). This study employed a quantitative research design with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 138 final-year students were selected using purposive sampling. Stress levels were measured using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), while nutritional status was assessed using the Body Mass Index (BMI). Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis with the Gamma test. The results showed that most respondents experienced very severe stress (71.74%) and had normal nutritional status (47.83%). The Gamma test revealed a p-value of 0.003 (p < 0.05) with a correlation coefficient of 0.429, indicating a significant relationship with moderate strength between stress levels and nutritional status. Conclusion there is a significant relationship between stress levels and nutritional status among final-year undergraduate nursing students at UNISSULA. Effective stress management is essential to maintain optimal nutritional status and overall health.
Stress Level, Nutritional Status, Final-Year Students, PSS-10, BMI.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurul Puspita Anggraeni, Nutrisia Nu'im Haiya, Moch Aspihan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship Between Self-Efficacy and Work Readiness Among Vocational High School Students
Work readiness among vocational high school students is not solely determined by technical skills, but also by self-confidence, commonly referred to as self-efficacy. Students who believe in their abilities tend to feel more prepared and confident when entering the workforce. This study aims to examine the relationship between self-efficacy and work readiness among vocational high school students. The research employed a quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach, involving 140 respondents. Data were collected using self-efficacy and work-readiness questionnaires, and analyzed using the Spearman rank correlation test. The univariate analysis showed that most students had a moderate level of self-efficacy (81 students; 57.9%). The largest proportion of students demonstrated low work readiness (54 students; 38.6%). Most respondents were male (73 students; 52.1%). The dominant age group was 17 years (84 students; 60%), and the largest proportion of students came from the automotive engineering major (55 students; 39.3%). The bivariate analysis using the Spearman rank test revealed a significant relationship between self-efficacy and work readiness (p = 0.000, < 0.05), with a strong correlation (r = 0.772). These findings indicate that self-efficacy is significantly associated with students’ work readiness.
Self-Efficacy, Work Readiness, Vocational High School Students, Spearman Rank, Quantitative Study.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yuliana Kholifah, Wigyo Susanto, Bettie Febriana (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship Between Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Levels and the Incidence of Hyperemesis Gravidarum in Pregnant Women
Previous studies have reported that inflammatory levels in pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum tend to be higher than those in normal pregnancies. This study aimed to determine the association between Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) levels and the incidence of hyperemesis gravidarum among pregnant women at Dr. Amino Gondohutomo Regional Mental Hospital during the period 2022–2025. This study employed an analytic observational design with a case-control approach and consecutive sampling technique. A total of 92 subjects were included, consisting of 46 pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum and 46 pregnant women without hyperemesis gravidarum. The study utilized medical record data from 2022 to 2025. Data were analyzed using quantitative statistical methods, including descriptive analysis, Shapiro–Wilk normality test, and Chi-Square test. Elevated NLR levels were more frequently observed in the hyperemesis gravidarum group (29 cases, 31.5%) compared to the non-hyperemesis gravidarum group (15 cases, 16.3%) (p=0.003, OR=3.5, 95% CI=1.493–8.326). This study demonstrates a significant association between NLR as an inflammatory indicator and the incidence of hyperemesis gravidarum at Dr. Amino Gondohutomo Regional Mental Hospital, Semarang..
Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, Hyperemesis Gravidarum, Systemic Inflammation, Pregnancy Risk, Clinical Predictor.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ghanisya Ailsa Nathaniela, Yulice Soraya Nur Intan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship between Independence and Personal Hygiene among Children at the Kun Assalam Islamic Boarding School in Banjardowo, Semarang
Personal hygiene refers to individual efforts to maintain cleanliness and health to prevent disease, both physically and psychologically. In the pesantren environment, children are required to be more independent in carrying out daily self-care activities such as bathing, brushing teeth, washing hands, and maintaining cleanliness of clothing and living spaces. Preliminary observations at Pondok Pesantren Kun Assalam revealed that several students were still unable to maintain personal hygiene independently, contributing to health problems such as scabies. This research employed a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 80 students aged 6–18 years selected through total sampling. Data were collected using an independence questionnaire (15 items) and a personal hygiene questionnaire (33 items). Data analysis included univariate and bivariate analyses using the Spearman Rank correlation test. Results most respondents were in the “very independent” category (31 respondents; 38.8%), followed by “fairly independent” (23 respondents; 28.8%), “independent” (22 respondents; 27.5%), and “less independent” (4 respondents; 5%). Personal hygiene levels showed that 38 respondents (47.5%) were in the “good” category, 38 respondents (47.5%) in the “moderate” category, and 4 respondents (5%) in the “poor” category. The Spearman Rank test produced a p-value of 0.000 and r = 0.783, indicating a strong and significant relationship between independence and personal hygiene. The higher the level of independence, the better the personal hygiene of the students.
Independence, Personal Hygiene, Children, Islamic Boarding School, Healthy Behavior.
Copyright (c) 2026 Umay Matuz Zahro Salsabilla, Kurnia Wijayanti, Nopi Nur Khasanah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship between Smartphone Usage Intensity and Quality of Life among Students in Semarang
The development of information and communication technology has led to an increase in smartphone use among students. Smartphones are used not only to support academic activities but also for entertainment and social communication. High smartphone usage can impact various aspects of student life, including quality of life, encompassing physical, psychological, social, and environmental dimensions. This study used a quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 100 undergraduate students of the Nursing Study Program, Faculty of Nursing, UNISSULA, selected using a stratified random sampling technique. The research instruments used were the Smartphone Addiction Scale–Short Version (SAS-SV) and the WHOQOL-BREF. Data analysis was performed using the Spearman Rank correlation test. The results showed that the majority of respondents had a high smartphone usage intensity (63%) and a good quality of life (62%). The Spearman Rank test showed a p-value of 0.000 (<0.05) with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.751, indicating a significant relationship with a strong correlation between smartphone usage intensity and students' quality of life. The conclusion of this study indicates a relationship between the intensity of smartphone use and quality of life in college students
Smartphone Usage Intensity, Quality of Life, Students, Psychosocial Well-Being, Digital Behavior.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurul Azzahrah, Wigyo Susanto, Dwi Heppy Rochmawati (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Factors Associated with Patient Safety Incidents in the Operating Room
The operating room is a hospital unit with a high risk to patient safety; therefore, the implementation of patient safety is a crucial indicator of healthcare quality. However, patient safety incidents continue to occur and are influenced by factors such as communication, leadership, knowledge, attitudes, motivation, and incident reporting practices. This study aimed to analyze the factors affecting patient safety incidents in the operating room of RS Sari Asih Ciputat. This research employed a quantitative correlational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 35 nurses selected using total sampling. Research instruments included questionnaires on incident perception, reporting attitudes, work motivation, leadership based on the Leader–Member Exchange model, and incident reporting aligned with the International Patient Safety Goals. The results showed that most respondents were aged 17–25 years, female, held a diploma degree, had less than five years of work experience, and were permanent employees. Most respondents demonstrated poor perceptions and negative attitudes, while motivation and leadership were generally rated as good. Statistical analysis revealed a significant relationship between perception, attitude, motivation, and leadership and patient safety incidents in the operating room, with a p-value of 0.000.
Leadership, Motivation, Operating room, Patient safety, Attitude.
Copyright (c) 2026 Filda Mayang Sari, Dwi Retno Sulistyaningsih, Erna Melastuti (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship between Safety Culture and Accuracy of Patient Identification at Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital
Patient misidentification constitutes a fundamental and preventable risk in healthcare delivery, which can be minimized through the establishment of a strong safety culture. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between safety culture and the accuracy of patient identification at Rumah Sakit Islam Sultan Agung Semarang. The research employed a quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 94 staff nurses working in inpatient wards, selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected through questionnaires and direct observation, and subsequently analyzed using the Spearman Rank correlation test. The findings revealed that most nurses demonstrated a moderate level of safety culture (40.4%) and good patient identification accuracy (43.6%). Statistical analysis indicated a significant but weak correlation between safety culture and the accuracy of patient identification (p-value = 0.043; r = 0.209). Safety culture contributes positively to identification accuracy, although it is not the sole determining factor. It is therefore recommended that hospitals strengthen periodic audits and develop non-punitive incident reporting systems to optimize compliance.
Safety Culture, Patient Safety, Accuracy of Patient Identification, Nurses, Hospital.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jundi Anas Zulfikar, Muh. Abdurrouf, Dyah Wiji Puspita Sari (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Effectiveness of the Oat Parent's Program on Family Readiness to Undergo Pulmonary TB Treatment in Children at Sari Asih Hospital, Ciledug
Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in children remains a significant health problem in Indonesia. The success of TB treatment in children greatly depends on the involvement and readiness of the family as the primary companion during therapy. Lack of knowledge, emotional readiness, and family support can lead to non-compliance with treatment and drug resistance. The OAT Parent's Program is a family-based intervention that aims to improve parents' readiness to accompany their children undergoing TB therapy. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the OAT Parent's Program on family readiness to undergo pulmonary TB treatment in children at the Sari Asih Ciledug Hospital children's ward. The study used a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test nonequivalent control group. The sample consisted of 60 respondents divided into an intervention group and a control group. The instruments used were questionnaires on knowledge, attitudes, actions, and family readiness. Data analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon and Mann–Whitney tests. The results showed a significant increase in family readiness after the OAT Parent's Program was administered to the intervention group (p < 0.05). This program effectively improved the knowledge, attitudes, actions, and readiness of families compared to the control group. In conclusion, the OAT Parent's Program has been proven effective in improving families' readiness to accompany their children undergoing pulmonary TB treatment.
Family Readiness, Treatment Adherence, Pediatric Tuberculosis, Family-Based Education, OAT Parent’s Program.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sang Ayu Galuh, Sri Wahyuni , Apriliani Yulianti Wuriningsih (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship Between Family Smoking Behavior and Bronchopneumonia in Toddlers at Sari Asih Ciledug Hospital
Bronchopneumonia is one of the leading causes of morbidity among children under five years of age and remains a common health problem. Exposure to cigarette smoke inside the household due to the smoking behavior of family members is an important environmental risk factor. Toddlers have immature immune systems and lung function, making them more susceptible to the adverse effects of cigarette smoke. This study aimed to determine the relationship between family members’ smoking behavior and the incidence of bronchopneumonia among children under five at Sari Asih Ciledug Hospital. This study employed a quantitative research design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 83 respondents selected using a total sampling technique. Data on family members’ smoking behavior were collected through a structured questionnaire, while data on the incidence of bronchopneumonia in toddlers were obtained from hospital medical records. Data analysis was performed using univariate analysis to describe respondent characteristics and bivariate analysis using the Chi-Square test to examine the relationship between variables. The results showed a statistically significant relationship between family members’ smoking behavior and the incidence of bronchopneumonia among toddlers (p < 0.05). The Prevalence Odds Ratio (POR) value of 16.640 indicated that toddlers exposed to cigarette smoke had a higher risk of developing bronchopneumonia compared to those who were not exposed
Bronchopneumonia, Secondhand Smoke Exposure, Family Smoking Behavior, Toddler Respiratory Health, Environmental Risk Factors.
Copyright (c) 2026 Iin Indriani, Hernandia Distinarista, Tutik Rahayu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0