Journal of Health, Medical, and Psychological Studies
Sanitas: Journal of Health, Medical, and Psychological Studies is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by CV Scripta Intelektual Mandiri, issued three times a year (April, August, and December). The journal publishes research articles and scholarly papers in the fields of health, medicine, pharmacy, and psychology, in both English and Indonesian. It operates under an open-access model with a CC BY-SA 4.0 license and charges no article processing fees (free APC).
The Relationship between Stress Levels and Nutritional Status of Final Year Undergraduate Students at the Faculty of Nursing, Unissula
Final-year students are vulnerable to academic stress due to the demands of completing their thesis. Unmanaged stress can affect eating patterns and lead to changes in nutritional status. This study aimed to determine the relationship between stress levels and nutritional status among final-year undergraduate nursing students at Sultan Agung Islamic University (UNISSULA). This study employed a quantitative research design with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 138 final-year students were selected using purposive sampling. Stress levels were measured using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), while nutritional status was assessed using the Body Mass Index (BMI). Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis with the Gamma test. The results showed that most respondents experienced very severe stress (71.74%) and had normal nutritional status (47.83%). The Gamma test revealed a p-value of 0.003 (p < 0.05) with a correlation coefficient of 0.429, indicating a significant relationship with moderate strength between stress levels and nutritional status. Conclusion there is a significant relationship between stress levels and nutritional status among final-year undergraduate nursing students at UNISSULA. Effective stress management is essential to maintain optimal nutritional status and overall health.
Stress Level, Nutritional Status, Final-Year Students, PSS-10, BMI.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurul Puspita Anggraeni, Nutrisia Nu'im Haiya, Moch Aspihan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship Between Self-Efficacy and Work Readiness Among Vocational High School Students
Work readiness among vocational high school students is not solely determined by technical skills, but also by self-confidence, commonly referred to as self-efficacy. Students who believe in their abilities tend to feel more prepared and confident when entering the workforce. This study aims to examine the relationship between self-efficacy and work readiness among vocational high school students. The research employed a quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach, involving 140 respondents. Data were collected using self-efficacy and work-readiness questionnaires, and analyzed using the Spearman rank correlation test. The univariate analysis showed that most students had a moderate level of self-efficacy (81 students; 57.9%). The largest proportion of students demonstrated low work readiness (54 students; 38.6%). Most respondents were male (73 students; 52.1%). The dominant age group was 17 years (84 students; 60%), and the largest proportion of students came from the automotive engineering major (55 students; 39.3%). The bivariate analysis using the Spearman rank test revealed a significant relationship between self-efficacy and work readiness (p = 0.000, < 0.05), with a strong correlation (r = 0.772). These findings indicate that self-efficacy is significantly associated with students’ work readiness.
Self-Efficacy, Work Readiness, Vocational High School Students, Spearman Rank, Quantitative Study.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yuliana Kholifah, Wigyo Susanto, Bettie Febriana (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship Between Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Levels and the Incidence of Hyperemesis Gravidarum in Pregnant Women
Previous studies have reported that inflammatory levels in pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum tend to be higher than those in normal pregnancies. This study aimed to determine the association between Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) levels and the incidence of hyperemesis gravidarum among pregnant women at Dr. Amino Gondohutomo Regional Mental Hospital during the period 2022–2025. This study employed an analytic observational design with a case-control approach and consecutive sampling technique. A total of 92 subjects were included, consisting of 46 pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum and 46 pregnant women without hyperemesis gravidarum. The study utilized medical record data from 2022 to 2025. Data were analyzed using quantitative statistical methods, including descriptive analysis, Shapiro–Wilk normality test, and Chi-Square test. Elevated NLR levels were more frequently observed in the hyperemesis gravidarum group (29 cases, 31.5%) compared to the non-hyperemesis gravidarum group (15 cases, 16.3%) (p=0.003, OR=3.5, 95% CI=1.493–8.326). This study demonstrates a significant association between NLR as an inflammatory indicator and the incidence of hyperemesis gravidarum at Dr. Amino Gondohutomo Regional Mental Hospital, Semarang..
Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, Hyperemesis Gravidarum, Systemic Inflammation, Pregnancy Risk, Clinical Predictor.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ghanisya Ailsa Nathaniela, Yulice Soraya Nur Intan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship between Independence and Personal Hygiene among Children at the Kun Assalam Islamic Boarding School in Banjardowo, Semarang
Personal hygiene refers to individual efforts to maintain cleanliness and health to prevent disease, both physically and psychologically. In the pesantren environment, children are required to be more independent in carrying out daily self-care activities such as bathing, brushing teeth, washing hands, and maintaining cleanliness of clothing and living spaces. Preliminary observations at Pondok Pesantren Kun Assalam revealed that several students were still unable to maintain personal hygiene independently, contributing to health problems such as scabies. This research employed a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 80 students aged 6–18 years selected through total sampling. Data were collected using an independence questionnaire (15 items) and a personal hygiene questionnaire (33 items). Data analysis included univariate and bivariate analyses using the Spearman Rank correlation test. Results most respondents were in the “very independent” category (31 respondents; 38.8%), followed by “fairly independent” (23 respondents; 28.8%), “independent” (22 respondents; 27.5%), and “less independent” (4 respondents; 5%). Personal hygiene levels showed that 38 respondents (47.5%) were in the “good” category, 38 respondents (47.5%) in the “moderate” category, and 4 respondents (5%) in the “poor” category. The Spearman Rank test produced a p-value of 0.000 and r = 0.783, indicating a strong and significant relationship between independence and personal hygiene. The higher the level of independence, the better the personal hygiene of the students.
Independence, Personal Hygiene, Children, Islamic Boarding School, Healthy Behavior.
Copyright (c) 2026 Umay Matuz Zahro Salsabilla, Kurnia Wijayanti, Nopi Nur Khasanah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship between Smartphone Usage Intensity and Quality of Life among Students in Semarang
The development of information and communication technology has led to an increase in smartphone use among students. Smartphones are used not only to support academic activities but also for entertainment and social communication. High smartphone usage can impact various aspects of student life, including quality of life, encompassing physical, psychological, social, and environmental dimensions. This study used a quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 100 undergraduate students of the Nursing Study Program, Faculty of Nursing, UNISSULA, selected using a stratified random sampling technique. The research instruments used were the Smartphone Addiction Scale–Short Version (SAS-SV) and the WHOQOL-BREF. Data analysis was performed using the Spearman Rank correlation test. The results showed that the majority of respondents had a high smartphone usage intensity (63%) and a good quality of life (62%). The Spearman Rank test showed a p-value of 0.000 (<0.05) with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.751, indicating a significant relationship with a strong correlation between smartphone usage intensity and students' quality of life. The conclusion of this study indicates a relationship between the intensity of smartphone use and quality of life in college students
Smartphone Usage Intensity, Quality of Life, Students, Psychosocial Well-Being, Digital Behavior.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurul Azzahrah, Wigyo Susanto, Dwi Heppy Rochmawati (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Factors Associated with Patient Safety Incidents in the Operating Room
The operating room is a hospital unit with a high risk to patient safety; therefore, the implementation of patient safety is a crucial indicator of healthcare quality. However, patient safety incidents continue to occur and are influenced by factors such as communication, leadership, knowledge, attitudes, motivation, and incident reporting practices. This study aimed to analyze the factors affecting patient safety incidents in the operating room of RS Sari Asih Ciputat. This research employed a quantitative correlational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 35 nurses selected using total sampling. Research instruments included questionnaires on incident perception, reporting attitudes, work motivation, leadership based on the Leader–Member Exchange model, and incident reporting aligned with the International Patient Safety Goals. The results showed that most respondents were aged 17–25 years, female, held a diploma degree, had less than five years of work experience, and were permanent employees. Most respondents demonstrated poor perceptions and negative attitudes, while motivation and leadership were generally rated as good. Statistical analysis revealed a significant relationship between perception, attitude, motivation, and leadership and patient safety incidents in the operating room, with a p-value of 0.000.
Leadership, Motivation, Operating room, Patient safety, Attitude.
Copyright (c) 2026 Filda Mayang Sari, Dwi Retno Sulistyaningsih, Erna Melastuti (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship between Safety Culture and Accuracy of Patient Identification at Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital
Patient misidentification constitutes a fundamental and preventable risk in healthcare delivery, which can be minimized through the establishment of a strong safety culture. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between safety culture and the accuracy of patient identification at Rumah Sakit Islam Sultan Agung Semarang. The research employed a quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 94 staff nurses working in inpatient wards, selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected through questionnaires and direct observation, and subsequently analyzed using the Spearman Rank correlation test. The findings revealed that most nurses demonstrated a moderate level of safety culture (40.4%) and good patient identification accuracy (43.6%). Statistical analysis indicated a significant but weak correlation between safety culture and the accuracy of patient identification (p-value = 0.043; r = 0.209). Safety culture contributes positively to identification accuracy, although it is not the sole determining factor. It is therefore recommended that hospitals strengthen periodic audits and develop non-punitive incident reporting systems to optimize compliance.
Safety Culture, Patient Safety, Accuracy of Patient Identification, Nurses, Hospital.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jundi Anas Zulfikar, Muh. Abdurrouf, Dyah Wiji Puspita Sari (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Effectiveness of the Oat Parent's Program on Family Readiness to Undergo Pulmonary TB Treatment in Children at Sari Asih Hospital, Ciledug
Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in children remains a significant health problem in Indonesia. The success of TB treatment in children greatly depends on the involvement and readiness of the family as the primary companion during therapy. Lack of knowledge, emotional readiness, and family support can lead to non-compliance with treatment and drug resistance. The OAT Parent's Program is a family-based intervention that aims to improve parents' readiness to accompany their children undergoing TB therapy. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the OAT Parent's Program on family readiness to undergo pulmonary TB treatment in children at the Sari Asih Ciledug Hospital children's ward. The study used a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test nonequivalent control group. The sample consisted of 60 respondents divided into an intervention group and a control group. The instruments used were questionnaires on knowledge, attitudes, actions, and family readiness. Data analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon and Mann–Whitney tests. The results showed a significant increase in family readiness after the OAT Parent's Program was administered to the intervention group (p < 0.05). This program effectively improved the knowledge, attitudes, actions, and readiness of families compared to the control group. In conclusion, the OAT Parent's Program has been proven effective in improving families' readiness to accompany their children undergoing pulmonary TB treatment.
Family Readiness, Treatment Adherence, Pediatric Tuberculosis, Family-Based Education, OAT Parent’s Program.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sang Ayu Galuh, Sri Wahyuni , Apriliani Yulianti Wuriningsih (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship Between Family Smoking Behavior and Bronchopneumonia in Toddlers at Sari Asih Ciledug Hospital
Bronchopneumonia is one of the leading causes of morbidity among children under five years of age and remains a common health problem. Exposure to cigarette smoke inside the household due to the smoking behavior of family members is an important environmental risk factor. Toddlers have immature immune systems and lung function, making them more susceptible to the adverse effects of cigarette smoke. This study aimed to determine the relationship between family members’ smoking behavior and the incidence of bronchopneumonia among children under five at Sari Asih Ciledug Hospital. This study employed a quantitative research design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 83 respondents selected using a total sampling technique. Data on family members’ smoking behavior were collected through a structured questionnaire, while data on the incidence of bronchopneumonia in toddlers were obtained from hospital medical records. Data analysis was performed using univariate analysis to describe respondent characteristics and bivariate analysis using the Chi-Square test to examine the relationship between variables. The results showed a statistically significant relationship between family members’ smoking behavior and the incidence of bronchopneumonia among toddlers (p < 0.05). The Prevalence Odds Ratio (POR) value of 16.640 indicated that toddlers exposed to cigarette smoke had a higher risk of developing bronchopneumonia compared to those who were not exposed
Bronchopneumonia, Secondhand Smoke Exposure, Family Smoking Behavior, Toddler Respiratory Health, Environmental Risk Factors.
Copyright (c) 2026 Iin Indriani, Hernandia Distinarista, Tutik Rahayu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Systematic Literature Review: The Effectiveness of Educational Media for Breast Self-Examination (BSE) Practice Among Adolescents
Breast cancer is the second highest cancer case after lung cancer. In 2022, there was an increase of 2.31 million breast cancers worldwide. Meanwhile, in Indonesia, cancer cases rank first from the total cancer cases in Indonesia, which is 16.6% or 65,858 cases of breast cancer. Breast cancer which increases every year is due to delays in breast cancer diagnosis. Counseling or providing education about breast self-examination (BSE) in various ways will increase early detection of breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of various educational media for BSE practices. The method used is the literature review method from several articles, 2 international articles indexed by Scopus and 8 national articles indexed by Sinta. Based on the 10 articles reviewed, the results showed that there are various educational media, both through electronic media and print media, that can increase the knowledge and skills of young women in doing BSE. It was concluded that audiovisuals, drama, power point, electronic media, videos, leaflets, booklets, demonstrations, Instagram, calendars, Android-based, and via zoom media had an effect on increasing BSE knowledge and skills.
Early Breast Cancer Detection, Breast Self-Examination Practice, Health Education Media, Adolescent Health Behavior, Preventive Health Promotion.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nailal Ulya, Friska Realita (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of Ethanol Extract of Butterfly Pea Flower (Clitoria ternatea) on IL-8 (Interleukin-8) Levels: An Experimental Study in Male Wistar Strain White Rats Exposed to Cigarette Smoke
Exposure to cigarette smoke increases oxidative stress and triggers pulmonary inflammation through an increase in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), which leads to an increase in interleukin-8 (IL-8). Clitoria ternatea (butterfly pea flower) is rich in anthocyanins, which have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This experimental study with a post-test only control group design aims to assess the effect of butterfly pea flower ethanol extract on IL-8 levels in male Wistar rats exposed to cigarette smoke. The subjects were divided into normal, negative control, positive control (aspirin 9 mg/kgBW), and two treatment groups with doses of 200 mg/kgBW and 400 mg/kgBW. IL-8 levels were measured using immunological methods. The results showed that IL-8 levels were highest in the negative control group (97.712 ± 0.717 ng/mL) and lowest in the normal group (40.306 ± 0.377 ng/mL). Administration of aspirin and extract doses of 200 mg/kgBW and 400 mg/kgBW significantly reduced IL-8 levels compared to the negative control (p < 0.05). The 400 mg/kgBW dose (42.888 ± 0.350 ng/mL) showed the most effective effect and was comparable to aspirin.
Butterfly Pea Flower Extract, Interleukin-8, Cigarette Smoke–Induced Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Wistar Rat Model.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurulloh Badar Manggalani, Eni Widayati (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis of Predictive Factors for the Occurrence of Picky Eating Behavior in Adolescents.
Picky eating behavior refers to selective food consumption that may affect adolescents’ nutritional adequacy and increase the risk of long-term health problems. Adolescence is characterized by psychological and social transitions, as well as the development of body image, all of which may shape food preferences. This study aimed to examine the relationship between age, sex, body mass index (BMI), stress level, and peer influence and picky eating behavior among adolescents. A descriptive analytic design with a cross-sectional approach was employed. The sample consisted of 107 respondents selected through simple random sampling at SMP Negeri 20 Semarang. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using the chi-square test. The findings revealed no significant associations between age, sex, BMI, stress level, or peer influence and picky eating behavior (p > 0.05). Nevertheless, a tendency toward picky eating was more frequently observed among older adolescents, males, and those with lower BMI. These results suggest that picky eating behavior may be influenced not only by measurable biological or social factors but also by family dietary habits, food preferences, and body perception. Therefore, nutrition education and the promotion of healthy eating habits through collaboration among health professionals, schools, and families are essential to prevent adverse long-term nutritional outcomes.
Body Mass Index, Picky Eating, Adolescents, Stress, Peer Influence.
Copyright (c) 2026 Riska Febriyanti, Indra Tri Astuti, Herry susanto (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship Between Parenting Styles and Temper Tantrum Behavior in Preschool Children
This study examined the relationship between parenting styles and temper tantrum behavior among preschool children at TK PGRI 87 Semarang. A quantitative correlational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach was employed. The population consisted of all parents or guardians of preschool children, and total sampling was applied, yielding 30 respondents. Data were collected on 15 November 2025 using two validated Likert-scale questionnaires: a 30-item parenting style instrument and a 33-item temper tantrum instrument. Validity coefficients ranged from 0.612–0.820 for parenting style and 0.617–0.959 for temper tantrum, while reliability testing produced a Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.812. Univariate analysis described respondent characteristics and variable distributions, while bivariate analysis used Spearman’s Rank correlation due to ordinal data. The results demonstrated a statistically significant relationship between parenting style and temper tantrum behavior (p = 0.003; α = 0.05). Authoritarian and permissive parenting were more frequently associated with moderate to high tantrum levels, whereas democratic parenting was linked to lower tantrum intensity. These findings highlight parenting style as a key determinant of emotional regulation development in preschool children.
Parenting Style, Temper Tantrum, Preschool Children, Emotional Regulation, Spearman Correlation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aula Fitri Ayunngrum, Indra Tri Astuti, Herry Susanto (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship between Self-Efficacy, Duration of Hemodialysis, Quality of Life, and Self-Management in Hemodialysis Patients at Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital in Semarang
Background: Hemodialysis is a long-term renal replacement therapy that often causes physical and psychological changes in patients. Self-efficacy and duration of hemodialysis play an important role in patients' ability to adapt, which affects their quality of life and self-management. This study aims to determine the relationship between self-efficacy and duration of hemodialysis with quality of life and self-management in hemodialysis patients at Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital in Semarang. Method: This study is a quantitative study using a cross-sectional approach. There were 105 respondents using total sampling technique. Data collection in this study used questionnaires which were then analyzed using Somers' d test. Results: The results of the study show a significant relationship between self-efficacy and quality of life (ρ=0,001< 0,05) as well as self-efficacy and self-management (ρ=0,001< 0,05). In addition, there was a significant relationship between the duration of hemodialysis and quality of life (ρ=0,001< 0,05) and the duration of hemodialysis and self-management (ρ=0,001< 0,05). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between self-efficacy, duration of hemodialysis, quality of life, and self-management in hemodialysis patients at Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital in Semarang.
Self-Efficacy, Duration of Hemodialysis, Quality of Life, Self-Management, Hemodialysis.
Copyright (c) 2026 Anjalika Ulfarani, Retno Setyawati, Erna Melastuti (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship Between Religiousness and Anxiety Levels in Muslim Students Writing Their Theses
Background: Final-year students generally face academic pressure that can trigger anxiety during the thesis writing process. Religiosity serves as a coping mechanism that is believed to reduce anxiety levels. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between religiosity levels and anxiety levels among students. Objective: To determine the relationship between religiosity levels and anxiety levels among students during the thesis writing process. Methods: This study employed a quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach. The study population consisted of 150 students, using a total sampling technique in which the entire population was included as the sample. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, the Brief Multidimensional Measure of Religiousness/Spirituality (BMMRS), and the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (Z-SRAS). Data analysis was performed using Somers’ d correlation test. Results: The majority of respondents experienced moderate levels of anxiety. Bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between religiosity levels and anxiety levels among students (p-value = 0.001), indicating that higher religiosity levels were associated with lower anxiety levels. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between religiosity levels and anxiety levels among students during the thesis writing process. Religiosity plays an effective role as a coping mechanism in helping students manage psychological pressure related to academic demands.
Religiosity, Academic Anxiety, Final-Year Students, Thesis Writing, Mental Health
Copyright (c) 2026 Devi Karunia Risky, Wahyu Endang Setyowati, Betie Febriana (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Application of Slow Deep Breathing on Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Patients in the Kenanga Room of Limpung Regional General Hospital, Batang Regency
Background: Hypertension is a chronic disease that can increase the risk of serious complications, including heart disease and stroke. One non-pharmacological approach that can be used to manage the accompanying hypertension is the slow deep breathing technique. This technique aims to provide a relaxation effect, reduce blood pressure management, and help regulate blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Objective: This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the application of slow deep breathing on blood pressure in elderly hypertension patients in the Kenanga Room of Limpung Hospital Method: This study used a descriptive method with a case study approach conducted in September 2025. Data were collected through blood pressure measurements before and after the intervention, and using a blood pressure management questionnaire. The intervention was carried out for three consecutive days, with repeated administration of the slow deep breathing technique. Results: The results showed that there was a significant decrease in blood pressure after the intervention. Before the intervention, the average blood pressure of respondents was high, with the highest value of 202/116 mmHg and the lowest 148/100 mmHg. After the intervention, blood pressure decreased gradually, with an average decrease of 6-15 mmHg. Conclusion: Slow deep breathing has been shown to be effective in lowering blood pressure levels in people with hypertension. This technique can be used as a complementary therapy in the management of hypertension in patients.
Hypertension, Elderly, Slow Deep Breathing, Blood Pressure, Non-Pharmacological Therapy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Soimun Soimun, Rahayu Winarti P (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship between Health Locus of Control and Medication Adherence among Elderly Hypertensive Patients in the Lerep Ungaran Community Health Center Area
This study examines the relationship from resilience also qualities of life among breast cancer clients undergoing chemotherapy at Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital, Semarang. A quantitative cross-sectional design was included to 67 patients selected from accidental sample. Resilience was measured by Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale, while qualities of life was assessed using by EORTC QLQ-C30 instrument. Univariate analysis demonstrated that most patients exhibited moderate levels of resilience and quality of life. Bivariate analysis using Somers’ d revealed a strong and statistically significant also positive association from resilience then qualities of life (r = 0.629; p = 0.001). These shows indicate the higher resilience is consistently associated with better multidimensional quality of life during chemotherapy. The answers supporting the theoretical proposition that resilience functions as a central adaptive resource that modulates psychological distress, social functioning, and perceived health status. This study highlights the importance of integrating resilience-oriented psychosocial interventions into routine oncology care. Strengthening resilience is therefore essential not only for improving subjective well-being but also for optimizing comprehensive treatment outcomes in breast cancer clients undergoing long-term chemotherapy.
Health Locus of Control, Medication Adherence, Hypertension, Elderly, Chronic.
Copyright (c) 2026 Indarti Indarti, Iwan Ardian, Nutrisia Nu'im Haiya (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship Between Resilience and Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy at Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital in Semarang
Resilience, Qualities Of Life, Breast Cancer, Chemotherapy, Psychosocial Adaptation
Copyright (c) 2026 Maitsa Novia Ramandhani, Retno Setyawati, Erna Melastuti (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Overview of the Impact of Picky Eating on Adolescents
Adolescence is a developmental phase characterized by significant physical, psychological, and social changes, including the formation of eating behavior. One phenomenon that commonly emerges is picky eating, defined as a tendency to select or reject certain types of food. This behavior may persist into adolescence and potentially affects psychological, physiological, and cognitive conditions. This study aims to describe the impact of picky eating among adolescents at SMA Kesatrian 1 Semarang. This study employed a survey design with a sample of 156 adolescents selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using the Picky Eater Scale (PES), the DASS-42, BMI and hemoglobin measurements, and the Cognitive Assessment Questionnaire (CAQ). Data analysis was conducted using univariate analysis. He findings showed that 82 respondents (52.6%) were categorized as picky eaters. Psychological impacts were most commonly found in the severe category (25.6%). Physiological impacts were indicated by mild anemia in 45 respondents (28.8%) and below-normal BMI in 55 respondents (35.5%). The most frequent cognitive impact was in the low category, recorded in 59 respondents (37.8%). Picky eating affects the psychological, physiological, and cognitive conditions of adolescents. The psychological impact is mostly categorized as severe, the physiological impact is reflected in mild anemia and below-normal BMI, and the greatest impact appears in the cognitive aspect (37.8%), with most respondents classified in the low category.
Adolescents, Cognitive Impact, Physiological Impact, Picky Eater, Psychological Impact.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yeni Setiani, Indra Tri Astuti, Herry Susanto (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Application of Theory of Planned Behavior-Based Education to Improve Treatment Adherence, Nutrition, and Transmission Prevention in Tuberculosis (TB) Patients at Batang 2 Community Health Center
Here is the high-quality academic English version: Tuberculosis (TB) is a communicable disease that affects not only patients’ physical health but also their psychological well-being. Non-adherence to treatment, inadequate nutritional intake, and insufficient transmission-prevention behaviors remain significant challenges in TB control efforts. Education grounded in the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is considered capable of influencing attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, thereby promoting more optimal health behavior changes. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of TPB-based education in improving treatment adherence, nutritional fulfillment, and transmission-prevention practices among TB patients at Batang 2 Primary Health Center. A case study design was employed involving five TB patients undergoing the intensive phase of treatment. The intervention consisted of four face-to-face educational sessions over a two-week period, supplemented by twice-daily SMS/WhatsApp reminders. Data were collected using adherence observation sheets, nutritional questionnaires, and TPB observation forms, and were analyzed by comparing pre- and post-intervention scores. The results demonstrated an increase in adherence scores from 5–6 to 7–9 across all respondents. TPB-based education proved effective and is recommended as a nursing strategy to support TB control in primary healthcare settings.
Treatment Adherence, Nutrition, Transmission Prevention, Theory of Planned Behavior, Tuberculosis.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sulistiyoningsih Sulistiyoningsih, Rahayu Winarti (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Application of Positioning and Nesting to Body Temperature Changes, Oxygen Saturation, and Heart Rate in Low Birth Weight Infants in the Perinatology Room of Batang Regional General Hospital
Low birth weight (LBW) infants are at risk of physiological disorders such as hypothermia, unstable oxygen saturation, and hemodynamic disorders due to limited adaptation to the environment outside the womb. This study aims to determine the effect of positioning and nesting on changes in body temperature, oxygen saturation, and heart rate in LBW infants. The method used was a descriptive case study with a one-group pretest–posttest approach on five LBW infants treated in the Perinatology Unit of Batang Regional General Hospital. The nesting and positioning interventions were administered for three consecutive days, with each session lasting 30 minutes. Physiological parameters were measured before and after the intervention using a digital thermometer, neonatal pulse oximeter, and stethoscope. The results showed an increase in average body temperature from 35.8°C to 36.6°C, oxygen saturation from 94.8% to 98.2%, and heart rate from 130.8 to 136.8 beats per minute within normal limits. It was concluded that positioning and nesting are effective as non-pharmacological therapies to support the physiological stability of LBW infants.
Low Birth Weight (LBW), Nesting, Positioning, Body Temperature, Oxygen Saturation, Pulse Rate.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sri Rahayu, Rahayu Winarti (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Factors Associated with Depression Levels in Elderly People Living in Social Service Homes
Depression is a common mental health issue among older adults, particularly those living in social care facilities due to limited social support, declining physical function, and reduced independence. These factors can adversely affect quality of life and increase the risk of physical and psychological complications. This study employed a cross-sectional design with 135 elderly respondents residing in Pucang Gading Social Care Home and Wening Wardoyo Home. A total sampling technique was used. Data were collected using demographic questionnaires, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), a chronic disease questionnaire, the Barthel Index, and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). Data analysis included univariate, bivariate using Spearman’s test, and multivariate analysis using logistic regression. Most respondents were aged 60–74 years (63.0%) and female (63.0%). Spearman’s test indicated significant correlations between social support (p=0.000) and independence (p=0.000) with depression levels. Chronic diseases showed a significant but very weak relationship (p=0.034). Multivariate analysis identified social support as the most dominant factor associated with depression (p=0.002). Conclusion social support and independence are significantly associated with depression levels among older adults living in social care homes, with social support emerging as the most influential factor
Elderly Depression, Social Support, Chronic Disease, Independence, Social Care Home.
Copyright (c) 2026 Maya Audita Nurhayati, Iskim Luthfa, Moch. Aspihan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship Between Loneliness and Insomnia in Elderly People at Social Service Homes in Semarang
Background: Loneliness is one of the major psychosocial problems commonly experienced by elderly individuals, particularly those living in social care institutions. Prolonged loneliness may cause negative effects on mental and physical health, including sleep disturbances such as insomnia. Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between loneliness and insomnia among elderly people at the Social Service Home in Semarang. Methods: This study employed a quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach involving 135 elderly respondents selected using consecutive sampling. Data were collected using the UCLA Loneliness Scale and the KSPBJ-IRS questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using the Somers’ d test. Results: The results showed that most respondents experienced moderate levels of loneliness (51.9%) and high levels of insomnia (51.9%). The Somers’ d test indicated a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05) with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.794, indicating a strong and significant relationship between loneliness and insomnia. Conclusion: There is a strong and significant relationship between loneliness and insomnia among elderly individuals. Higher levels of loneliness are associated with higher levels of insomnia.
Loneliness, Insomnia, Older Adults, Social Care Institution, Sleep Quality.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fika Riyan Syah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship Between Self-Confidence Levels and Academic Achievement among MTs Students in Demak
This study aimed to examine the relationship between self-confidence and academic achievement among students of MTs in Demak. The research employed an empirical quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design involving 114 students selected through probability sampling using the Slovin formula. Self-confidence was measured using a validated Likert-scale questionnaire with high reliability (Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.949), while academic achievement was obtained from documented report card averages. Univariate analysis indicated that most students had moderate levels of self-confidence and fairly good academic achievement. Bivariate analysis using Spearman Rho revealed a very strong positive correlation between self-confidence and academic achievement (r = 0.843; p < 0.05). The findings demonstrate that higher levels of self-confidence are associated with better academic outcomes. The results support psychological theories emphasizing the role of internal affective factors in learning performance and highlight the importance of strengthening students’ self-confidence to improve educational quality at the secondary Islamic school level.
Self-Confidence, Academic Achievement, Mts Students, Quantitative Study, Correlation Analysis.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rifkya Maulana, Wigyo Susanto (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship Between Long-Term Smartphone Use and the Social Behavior of Early Childhood Children at Aisyiyah Kindergarten in Ciputat, South Tangerang
The rapid advancement of digital technology has led to a significant increase in smartphone use among early childhood populations, which may potentially influence social behavior development during the critical golden age. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the duration of smartphone use and the social behavior of early childhood students at Aisyiyah Kindergarten, Ciputat–South Tangerang. This research employed a non-experimental quantitative design with a correlational approach. Data were collected using questionnaires. The study involved 48 respondents selected through a total sampling technique. The collected data were statistically analyzed using the Spearman rank correlation test. The results showed that most respondents were 4 years old (45.8%) and male (60.4%). The majority of children demonstrated low levels of social behavior (58.3%) and high levels of smartphone use duration (56.3%). Statistical analysis revealed a significant relationship between the duration of smartphone use and social behavior in early childhood (p-value = 0.000). Thus, it can be concluded that there is a significant association between smartphone use duration and the social behavior of early childhood students at Aisyiyah Kindergarten, Ciputat–South Tangerang.
Early childhood, Kindergarten, Smartphone, Social behavior, Usage duration.
Copyright (c) 2026 Siti Zahara Harahap, Herry Susanto, Indra Tri Astuti (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Descriptive Study on the Attitudes of Fathers and Mothers in Stunting Prevention Efforts
Background: Stunting remains a chronic nutritional problem with long-term impacts on children’s growth and development. Stunting prevention efforts are not solely dependent on health interventions but are also strongly influenced by parental attitudes, particularly those of fathers and mothers, regarding nutrition fulfillment, parenting practices, and family health behaviors. Objective: This study aimed to describe the attitudes of fathers and mothers toward stunting prevention efforts. Method: his study employed a descriptive quantitative design. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire administered to parents of children under five years old, with sampling conducted according to the study criteria. Descriptive analysis was used to illustrate respondents’ characteristics and parental attitudes toward stunting prevention. Results: The results indicated that most fathers and mothers demonstrated positive attitudes toward stunting prevention, particularly in nutritional fulfillment and utilization of health services. However, suboptimal attitudes were still identified in several aspects, including consistency in providing balanced nutrition and fathers’ involvement in stunting prevention practices. Conclusion: athers’ and mothers’ attitudes play an important role in stunting prevention efforts. Strengthening health education programs that actively involve both parents is essential to improve awareness and consistency in stunting prevention behaviors within the family.
Parental Attitudes, Stunting Prevention, Education, Age, Occupation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dimas Aqila, Nopi Nur Khasanah, Kurnia Wijayanti (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship Between Parental Stimulation and Child Development (3-4 Years Old) Kartika and (4-6 Years Old) Dharma Wanita in Meteseh Village
The quality of stimulation supplied by parents significantly influences early childhood development, particularly in motor, language, and personal-social domains. Nevertheless, developmental delays are still observed among a proportion of preschool children. This study aims to examine the relationship between parental stimulation and the development of children aged 3-4 years at Kartika Early Childhood Education (PAUD) and 4-6 years at Dharma Wanita Kindergarten in Meteseh Village. This study used a descriptive correlative design with a cross-sectional approach involving 60 respondents selected through a total sampling technique. The instruments used were a questionnaire assessing parental stimulation (35 items) and the Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST) observation form. Univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted using the Spearman Rank test. The findings indicated that most parents demonstrated good stimulation practices (73.3%), while children’s developmental status was equally distributed between normal and suspect categories (50.0% each). The correlation analysis yielded a p-value of 0.567 and an r-value of 0.075, indicating a positive but very weak and statistically non-significant relationship. This study revealed that there is no significant correlation between parental stimulation and child growth.
Child Development, Early Detection, Parental Stimulation, Preschool Children, Growth and Development.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kartini Isnaini, Kurnia Wijayanti, Nopi Nur Khasanah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Factors Related to Self-Care in Patients with Elevated Uric Acid Levels
This study was motivated by problems often experienced by gout sufferers, such as severe pain in the joints that recurs, especially at night and in the morning, accompanied by aching, swelling, and redness, with the aim of identifying factors related to self-care in patients with elevated uric acid at the Genuk Community Health Center in Semarang. The study employed a descriptive analytical design with a cross-sectional approach, data collection through questionnaires, involving 66 respondents using total sampling technique, and statistical analysis using the Spearman Rho test. The results showed that the average age of respondents was 48 years old and they had been diagnosed with gout for 3 years, with the majority being male (60.6%), having a high school education (62.1%), working as private employees (48.5%), receiving high levels of family support (71.2%), and having good self-care behaviors (59.1%). The study concluded that there was a relationship between age and education with self-care in gout patients (p value < 0.05), but there was no relationship between gender and self-care (p value > 0.05).
Self-Care, Uric Acid, Health Education, Family Support, Health Behavior.
Copyright (c) 2026 Heppy Salsabella, Ahmad Ikhlasul Amal, Dwi Retno S (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of the Combination of Benson Relaxation and Fowler's Position on Respiratory Rate in Asthma Patients
Asthma is a chronic disease that can cause respiratory problems and affect a patient's quality of life. One of the most common symptoms of asthma is increased respiratory rate. The combination of the Benson and Fowler positions has been shown to be effective in reducing stress and increasing lung capacity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the Benson and Fowler positions on respiratory rate in asthma patients. This was a descriptive observational study. The sample used in this study was 18 respondents. Data collection was carried out using a respiratory frequency observation sheet. The data obtained were statistically processed using the Wilcoxon test formula. The characteristics of asthma patient respondents at Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital, Semarang, were predominantly female (11 respondents (61.1%), predominantly aged 8 respondents (44.4%) and 46-55 years old (12 respondents (66.7%), predominantly employed as laborers (12 respondents (66.7%), predominantly educated as high school (9 respondents (50.0%), predominantly diagnosed as allergic asthma (11 respondents (61.1%), and predominantly underwent therapy for more than 6 months (16 respondents (88.9%). The mean respiratory rate (RR) in asthma patients before the intervention was 24.78 ± 1.263. The mean respiratory rate (RR) in asthma patients after the intervention was 19.50 ± 2.121). There is a combination of Benson and Fowler positions on respiratory rate in asthma patients at Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital, Semarang (p-value < 0.05).
Benson Relaxation, Fowler's Position, Breathing Frequency, Asthma, Nursing Intervention.
Copyright (c) 2026 Eka Putri Angelyta, Indah Sri Wahyuningsih, Retno Setyawati (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Role of Knowledge and Attitudes of Adolescent Girls in the Consumption of Iron Supplements to Prevent Anemia
Anemia remains a major public health concern among adolescent girls and may adversely affect physical growth, learning concentration, and future reproductive health. In Indonesia, one of the primary preventive strategies is the school-based iron tablet supplementation program, whose effectiveness is closely related to adolescents’ knowledge and attitudes toward anemia prevention. This study examined the relationship between knowledge and attitudes and anemia prevention efforts among adolescent girls at SMP Negeri 20 Semarang. A quantitative correlational design with a cross-sectional approach was applied, involving 130 adolescent girls selected through total sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires measuring knowledge, attitudes, and anemia prevention efforts and were analyzed using the Chi-Square test. The findings demonstrated a significant relationship between knowledge and anemia prevention efforts (p = 0.009) as well as between attitudes and anemia prevention efforts (p = 0.001). Most respondents exhibited good knowledge levels (75.4%) and moderate attitudes (56.9%), while anemia prevention efforts were predominantly categorized as moderate (62.3%). These results indicate that adequate knowledge and positive attitudes contribute substantially to the adoption of anemia prevention behaviors, emphasizing the importance of continuous health education, school-based interventions, and supportive environments to enhance preventive practices among adolescent girls.
anemia, adolescent girls, iron tablet supplementation, knowledge, attitude.
Copyright (c) 2026 Viona Amelia Putri, Nutrisia Nu’im Haiya, Iwan Ardian (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0