Journal of Medical Practice and Research
Essentia: Journal of Medical Practice and Research is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published biannually (June and December) by CV SCRIPTA INTELEKTUAL MANDIRI. It focuses on publishing research and innovative practices in medicine and health sciences, including clinical medicine, public health, nursing, pharmacy, biomedical sciences, medical education, health management, and complementary medicine. All articles are open access under a CC BY-SA 4.0 license, with no article processing charges (APC-free).
The Effect of Mirror Therapy and Ball Grip Combination on Upper Extremity Muscle Strength in Stroke Patients
Stroke is one of the leading causes of disability in Indonesia, with a prevalence of 10.9 per 1,000 population. This condition often results in weakness in the upper extremity muscles, which limits daily activities and reduces the patient's quality of life. Rehabilitation efforts to overcome this condition can be done through a combination of mirror therapy and ball grip as non-pharmacological therapies that play a role in increasing muscle strength through neuroplasticity and motor stimulation mechanisms. This study aims to determine the effect of a combination of mirror therapy and ball grip on increasing upper limb muscle strength in stroke patients at RSI Sultan Agung Semarang. This study used a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest design. A sample of 26 respondents was selected using purposive sampling with the inclusion criteria of stroke patients in the physical rehabilitation stage and having muscle strength of 1–3. The intervention was given for 10–15 minutes five times a week for four days. Muscle strength was measured using Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) on a scale of 0–5 before and after the intervention. The results of the analysis showed a significant increase in upper extremity muscle strength after the intervention (p < 0.05), with the average MMT score increasing from 13.0 to 15.5. This combination of therapies is effective, safe, and easy to implement.
Stroke, Mirror Therapy, Ball Grip, Upper Extremity Muscle Strength, Rehabilitation
Copyright (c) 2026 Handika Bayu Cahyono, Indah Wahyu Ningsih, Retno Setyowati (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Drug Stability in Pharmaceutical Product Development: A Review Based on the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) Guidelines
Drug stability is a critical parameter in pharmaceutical product development that determines quality, safety, and efficacy throughout the product life cycle. This study aims to analyze the principles and application of stability studies based on the International Council for Harmonization guidelines in the context of formulation development, packaging, and shelf life determination. The method used is a non-empirical literature review of scientific articles published between 2010 and 2024 that are relevant to pharmaceutical stability and quality regulations. The analysis was conducted through a systematic selection process, conceptual data extraction, and comparative synthesis of long-term, accelerated, and intermediate stability test parameters in accordance with ICH standards. The results of the study show that the application of standardized stability study designs, the selection of representative storage conditions, and the periodic evaluation of physicochemical and microbiological changes play an important role in ensuring product quality consistency. The integration of a risk-based approach and validated documentation also improves regulatory compliance and product development efficiency. The harmonization of stability study practices based on ICH guidelines is a strategic foundation for ensuring the acceptance of pharmaceutical products in the global market and protecting patient safety. These findings support scientific decision-making in the registration and distribution process.
Drug Stability, Pharmaceutical Development, Shelf Life, Regulatory Compliance, Quality Assurance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Indah br Harahap, Ike Maharani, Lirayu Sitompul, Melda Febriayana Hasibuan , Rafiah Nasution, Selvia Nurdea Syahfitri, Cory Linda Futri Hrp (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of Prolanis Exercise on Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Patients Participating in Prolanis at the Guntur I Community Health Center
Hypertension is a non-communicable disease that is the leading cause of death worldwide because it can trigger serious complications such as heart disease and stroke. Guntur I Community Health Center is one of the areas with a high incidence of hypertension. One non-pharmacological intervention to control blood pressure is through regular physical activity such as Prolanis exercise. This study aims to analyze the effect of Prolanis exercise on blood pressure reduction in hypertensive patients at the Guntur I Community Health Center. This study used a quantitative research design with a one-group pre-test and post-test design. Research population: all 50 hypertensive patients participating in Prolanis at the Guntur I Community Health Center, with a sampling technique using total sampling. Research instruments included the Prolanis exercise SOP, digital tensiometer, and observation sheet. Data analysis: Data were processed using bivariate statistical tests to determine the significance of the intervention's effect. The results of the study showed a significant decrease in average blood pressure after participating in Prolanis exercise. The average systolic blood pressure decreased from 157.40 mmHg to 148.60 mmHg. Meanwhile, the average diastolic blood pressure decreased from 92.80 mmHg to 84.00 mmHg. Statistical test results showed a p-value = 0.000 (p < 0.05), so it can be concluded that there is a significant effect between participation in Prolanis exercise and a decrease in blood pressure.
Prolanis Exercise, Hypertension, Blood Pressure, Non-Pharmacological Intervention, Cardiovascular Health.
Copyright (c) 2026 Azka Milcha Salatin, Nutrisia Nu’im Haiya, Muh Aspihan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship Between Online Gaming and Learning Motivation in College Students
The rapid advancement of digital technology has intensified online gaming engagement among university students and raised concerns regarding its potential effects on psychological health and learning motivation. This study aimed to examine the relationship between online gaming and students’ learning motivation. A quantitative correlational design with a cross-sectional approach was employed involving 105 students from the Faculty of Nursing, Sultan Agung Islamic University Semarang, selected through probability random sampling. Data were collected using validated and reliable questionnaires measuring online gaming intensity and learning motivation. Statistical analyses included univariate and bivariate procedures using Somers’ d test. The findings revealed that most respondents demonstrated high gaming intensity (45.7%) and low learning motivation (44.8%). The Somers’ d test produced a coefficient of –0.713 with p = 0.000, indicating a strong and significant negative relationship between online gaming and learning motivation. These results suggest that excessive gaming is associated with reduced academic focus, poorer time management, and diminished learning responsibility. The study underscores the importance of managing students’ digital behavior through healthy technology literacy and preventive academic interventions to sustain learning motivation in the digital era.
Digital, Learning Motivation, Mental Health, Online Gaming, Students.
Copyright (c) 2026 Irgi Ahmad Fahrezi, Wigyo Susanto, Dwi Heppy Rochmawati (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship between Self-Efficacy and Stress Levels with Self-Care Management in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition that requires continuous self-care management to prevent complications and maintain glycemic control. However, self-care performance is not solely determined by physical factors, but also influenced by psychological aspects, particularly self-efficacy and stress level. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between self-efficacy and stress level with self-care management among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A quantitative cross-sectional design was applied at Guntur 1 Public Health Center from September 16 to October 14, 2025. The study involved 120 patients selected using total sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, including the Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale (DMSES), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), and Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ). Data analysis was conducted using Gamma correlation with a significance level of p < 0.05. The results indicated a significant relationship between self-efficacy and self-care management (p = 0.006; r = 0.576). Stress level also showed a significant and strong relationship with self-care management (p = 0.001; r = 0.725). Strengthening self-efficacy and stress management should be prioritized in nursing interventions to support sustainable diabetes self-care behaviors.
Self-Efficacy, Stress Level, Self-Care Management, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Primary Health Care.
Copyright (c) 2025 Titis Nurhandayani, Retno Setyawati, Erna Melastuti (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of Brandt Daroff Combination Therapy and Peppermint Aromatherapy on Headache Pain Scale in Vertigo Patients
Vertigo is frequently accompanied by headache that disrupts comfort and daily function, thus requiring effective nonpharmacological interventions. This study aimed to determine the effect of a combined therapy of Brandt-Daroff exercises and peppermint aromatherapy on headache pain intensity among vertigo patients. A pre-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design was applied with 14 hospitalized patients as respondents. Headache intensity was measured using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) before and after the intervention. Prior to treatment, most participants experienced moderate pain (64.3%), while 28.6% reported severe pain and 7.1% reported very severe pain. After the intervention, pain distribution shifted markedly, with 85.7% experiencing mild pain and 14.3% reporting no pain. Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed a significant difference between pretest and posttest scores (Z = -3.316; p = 0.001). These findings indicate that the combined Brandt-Daroff and peppermint aromatherapy intervention effectively reduces headache pain intensity in vertigo patients and may be recommended as a complementary nursing intervention to improve patient comfort and symptom control.
Vertigo, Headache Pain, Brandt-Daroff, Peppermint Aromatherapy, Wilcoxon test
Copyright (c) 2025 Ulya Rohmatul Faizun, Retno Setyawati, Erna Melastuti (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship Between Dementia Levels and the Fulfillment of Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Needs in Elderly People at the Panti Puncang Gading Nursing Home
Dementia is a major health problem among older adults and has a substantial impact on the ability to perform Activity of Daily Living. This study aimed to examine the relationship between the level of dementia and the fulfillment of Activity of Daily Living among older adults living in Panti Puncang Gading. A quantitative analytic approach with a cross-sectional design was employed. The study involved 67 older adults selected through purposive sampling from eligible residents. Dementia severity was assessed using the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire, while functional independence was measured using the Barthel Index. Data were analyzed using Somers’ d test to determine the strength and direction of the association between variables. The results indicated that most respondents experienced severe dementia, while the majority demonstrated mild dependency in daily living activities. Statistical analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between dementia level and Activity of Daily Living fulfillment, indicating that higher dementia severity was associated with lower functional independence. These findings highlight the critical role of cognitive function in maintaining daily living abilities and emphasize the importance of routine cognitive and functional assessments to support evidence-based gerontological nursing care in long-term care facilities.
Dementia, Activity Of Daily Living, Older Adults, Functional Independence, Nursing Home.
Copyright (c) 2025 Cindy Cahyaningrum, Iwan Ardian, Nutrisia Nu’im Haiya (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship between Husband Support and the Psychological Readiness of Primigravida Pregnant Women in Achieving Their Role as Mothers
This study aimed to examine the relationship between husband’s support and psychological readiness among primigravida pregnant women in achieving the maternal role. A quantitative cross-sectional design was applied involving 96 primigravida women in the first trimester who attended antenatal care at a primary health center. Data were collected using validated questionnaires measuring husband’s support and psychological readiness. Statistical analysis was performed using univariate analysis and Spearman rank correlation. The findings revealed a significant positive association between husband’s support and psychological readiness, indicating that higher levels of perceived support were related to better psychological preparedness for motherhood. Emotional, informational, and instrumental support contributed to reduced anxiety and enhanced mental readiness during early pregnancy. These results highlight the importance of partner involvement in maternal health services and emphasize that psychological readiness for motherhood is shaped not only by individual factors but also by interpersonal dynamics within the family. Integrating husband-focused interventions into antenatal care may improve maternal psychological outcomes and support a healthier transition to the maternal role.
Husband Support, Psychological Readiness, Primigravida, Maternal Role, Pregnancy
Copyright (c) 2025 Nanda Adi Utami, Hernandia Distinarista, Apriliani Yulianti Wuriningsih, Sri Wahyuni (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship between Body Mass Index and Food Intake with the Menstrual Cycle in Late Adolescents
This study examined the relationship between body mass index and dietary intake with menstrual cycle regularity among late adolescents. A cross-sectional analytical design was conducted among 135 female students selected through stratified random sampling. Body mass index was assessed using anthropometric measurements, while dietary intake and menstrual cycle characteristics were collected through validated questionnaires. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis and Spearman rank correlation tests. The findings revealed a significant association between body mass index and menstrual cycle regularity, indicating that adolescents with non-normal body mass index were more likely to experience menstrual irregularities. In addition, dietary intake showed a significant positive correlation with menstrual cycle patterns, suggesting that unhealthy eating behaviors contribute to cycle disturbances. These results highlight that nutritional status and dietary quality are interrelated factors influencing hormonal balance and reproductive function during late adolescence. The study underscores the importance of maintaining a normal body mass index and adopting balanced dietary habits to support menstrual health. The findings provide empirical evidence to inform health promotion programs focusing on nutrition and reproductive health among adolescent populations.
Body Mass Index, Dietary Intake, Menstrual Cycle, Late Adolescence, Reproductive Health.
Copyright (c) 2025 Neysa Khanifatun Nabila, Hernandia Distinarista, Apriliani Yulianti Wuriningsih, Sri Wahyuni (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship Between Menstrual Cycle and Acne Severity (Acne Vulgaris) in Adolescent Girls
This study aimed to analyze the relationship between menstrual cycle regularity and the severity of acne vulgaris among adolescent girls. A quantitative cross-sectional design was applied involving 121 female students who had experienced menarche. Data were collected using structured questionnaires assessing menstrual cycle patterns and acne severity. Univariate analysis described respondent characteristics, while bivariate analysis using Somers’ d test examined the association between variables at a significance level of 0.05. The findings showed that more than half of the respondents had irregular menstrual cycles and most experienced moderate to severe acne vulgaris. Statistical analysis revealed a significant positive association between irregular menstrual cycles and increased acne severity. These results indicate that hormonal fluctuations reflected by menstrual cycle irregularity play an important role in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris during adolescence. Understanding menstrual cycle patterns may therefore contribute to more effective preventive and management strategies for acne vulgaris among adolescent girls. The study provides empirical evidence supporting the integration of reproductive health considerations into adolescent dermatological care.
Menstrual Cycle, Acne Vulgaris, Adolescent Girls, Hormonal Factors, Cross-Sectional Study.
Copyright (c) 2025 Liana Aldayana, Hernandia Distinarista, Apriliani Yulianti Wuriningsih, Sri Wahyuni (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of Combining Aromatherapy and Guided Imagery on Sleep Quality in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease
This study examined the effect of a combined aromatherapy and guided imagery intervention on sleep quality among patients with coronary heart disease. A quasi-experimental one group pretest–posttest design was conducted in a cardiac care setting with eighteen participants selected using purposive sampling. Sleep quality was measured using a standardized instrument before and after the intervention. Data analysis employed the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test due to non-normal data distribution. The results demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in sleep quality following the intervention, indicating that the combination therapy effectively enhanced patients’ sleep patterns. Aromatherapy lavender contributed to autonomic relaxation, while guided imagery facilitated psychological calmness and emotional regulation, producing a synergistic effect. These findings align with previous evidence supporting complementary nursing interventions for cardiovascular patients. Improved sleep quality may support cardiovascular stability and overall recovery. The study concludes that combining aromatherapy and guided imagery represents a safe, feasible, and effective nonpharmacological nursing intervention to improve sleep quality in coronary heart disease patients and may be integrated into holistic nursing care practice settings
Coronary Heart Disease, Sleep Quality, Aromatherapy, Guided Imagery, Nursing Intervention.
Copyright (c) 2025 Elyana Fathur Rizki, Indah Sri Wahyuningsih, Retno Setyawati (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of Al-Quran Recitation Therapy on Sleep Quality in Patients with Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
Patients with Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) frequently experience sleep quality disturbances due to dyspnea, anxiety, and physical discomfort, which may worsen their physical and psychological conditions. One non-pharmacological intervention that may improve sleep quality is Al-Qur’an murottal therapy, as it provides relaxation and calming effects. This study aimed to determine the effect of Al-Qur’an murottal therapy on sleep quality in CHF patients. This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a one group pretest-posttest approach. A total of 17 respondents were selected using purposive sampling based on inclusion criteria. Sleep quality was measured using the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ). Al-Qur’an murottal therapy was administered for 15–20 minutes once daily for two consecutive days. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. The results showed that before the intervention, most respondents had poor sleep quality (58.8%). After the intervention, the majority of respondents experienced improved sleep quality, with 88.2% categorized as having good sleep quality. The Wilcoxon test revealed a p-value < 0.05, indicating a statistically significant difference in sleep quality before and after the intervention.
Congestive Heart Failure, Al-Qur’an Murottal Therapy, Sleep Quality, Spiritual Relaxation, Non-Pharmacological Intervention.
Copyright (c) 2025 Eka Meli Agustin, Indah Sri Wahyuningsih, Retno Setyawati (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship between Fluid Restriction Compliance and Sodium Intake on Fluid Overload in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
Chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis are vulnerable to fluid overload due to impaired renal excretion and dietary nonadherence. This cross sectional correlational study examined the relationship between fluid restriction adherence and sodium intake with fluid overload among one hundred chronic kidney disease patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis at Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital Semarang during September to October 2025. Data were collected using a modified End Stage Renal Disease Adherence Questionnaire, a semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and interdialytic weight gain measurements. Chi Square analysis demonstrated a significant association between fluid restriction adherence and fluid overload, as well as between sodium intake and fluid overload, with p values below 0.05. Patients who adhered to fluid restriction and reported infrequent sodium intake predominantly experienced mild fluid overload, whereas nonadherent patients and those with frequent sodium intake showed higher proportions of severe overload. These findings indicate that behavioral dietary factors play a critical role in determining hydration status among hemodialysis patients. Strengthening patient education, family involvement, and nursing based dietary management remains essential.
Fluid Restriction Adherence, Sodium Intake, Fluid Overload, Chronic Kidney Disease, Hemodialysis.
Copyright (c) 2025 Thalita Apriliani, Retno Setyawati, Erna Melastuti (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship Between Spirituality and Self-Efficacy Levels and Self-Acceptance Among People Living with HIV (PLHIV) at the Poncol Community Health Center in Semarang City
This study aimed to analyze the relationship between spirituality level and self-efficacy with self-acceptance among people living with HIV (PLHIV) at Poncol Primary Health Center, Semarang City. A quantitative cross-sectional design was applied involving 64 PLHIV selected using the Slovin formula. Data were collected using standardized questionnaires measuring spirituality, self-efficacy, and self-acceptance. Statistical analysis was conducted using Spearman’s rho test. The results indicated that most respondents had moderate levels of spirituality, self-efficacy, and self-acceptance. Bivariate analysis revealed a significant and strong positive correlation between spirituality and self-acceptance (r = 0.769; p < 0.001), as well as between self-efficacy and self-acceptance (r = 0.713; p < 0.001). These findings suggest that higher spirituality and stronger self-efficacy are associated with better self-acceptance among PLHIV. Spirituality provides meaning and emotional resilience, while self-efficacy strengthens individuals’ confidence in managing their condition and daily challenges. This study highlights the importance of integrating spiritual and psychological empowerment approaches into comprehensive HIV care services to enhance psychosocial well-being and adaptive capacity among PLHIV.
Spirituality, Self-Efficacy, Self-Acceptance, People Living With HIV, Primary Health Care.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dela Arum Lorensa, Ahmad Ikhlasul Amal, Dwi Retno Sulistyaningsih (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship between Self-Efficacy and Social Support with Anxiety in Facing the Working World among Final Year Students
This study aimed to examine the relationship between self-efficacy and social support with anxiety in facing the world of work among final-year university students. A quantitative approach with a correlational design was employed. The participants consisted of 107 final-year students in Surabaya who were selected using incidental sampling. Data were collected using three psychological scales measuring anxiety toward the world of work, self-efficacy, and social support, all of which demonstrated satisfactory validity and reliability. Data analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression to examine both simultaneous and partial relationships among variables. The results indicated that self-efficacy was significantly and negatively associated with anxiety, suggesting that students with higher confidence in their abilities experienced lower levels of anxiety when facing employment challenges. Social support was also found to have a significant negative relationship with anxiety, indicating its protective role in reducing psychological distress. Simultaneously, self-efficacy and social support significantly contributed to the prediction of anxiety, with self-efficacy showing a stronger influence. These findings highlight the importance of strengthening internal beliefs and external support systems to reduce anxiety related to career transitions among final-year students.
Self-Efficacy, Social Support, Anxiety, World Of Work, Final-Year Students.
Copyright (c) 2025 Vincensius Kardinal, Andik Matulessy, Nindia Pratitis (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Overcoming Marital Harmony Issues Through Postpartum Sexuality Education
The postpartum period represents a critical transitional phase that may significantly affect marital harmony due to physical, psychological, and sexual changes experienced by women after childbirth. Inadequate preparedness in addressing postpartum sexual changes often contributes to decreased communication quality and relational instability between spouses. This study aimed to analyze the effect of postpartum sexuality education on marital harmony among postpartum mothers. A quantitative experimental study with a pre-test–post-test control group design was conducted involving 128 postpartum mothers, divided equally into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received structured and interactive postpartum sexuality education, while the control group was provided with informational leaflets. Marital harmony was measured using a validated and reliable family harmony questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon and Mann–Whitney tests. The findings demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in marital harmony scores in the intervention group compared to the control group. These results indicate that postpartum sexuality education effectively enhances communication, emotional closeness, and adaptive coping within marital relationships. Integrating postpartum sexuality education into maternal health services is therefore essential to support relational stability and promote long-term family well-being after childbirth.
Postpartum Sexuality, Marital Harmony, Sexuality Education, Postpartum Mothers, Marital Relationship.
Copyright (c) 2025 Amy Ratu Navisa, Sri Wahyuni, Tutik Rahayu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship Between Self-Efficacy and Academic Procrastination in Nursing Students in Writing Their Thesis
This study investigates the role of self-efficacy in academic procrastination among nursing students during the thesis-writing process, considering that the thesis is a primary graduation requirement that is frequently hindered by postponement behaviors. A quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach was employed involving 140 active nursing students from the 2022 cohort at Sultan Agung Islamic University Semarang, selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected using the General Self-Efficacy Scale and the Academic Procrastination Scale, and subsequently analyzed using univariate and bivariate techniques with the Spearman Rank correlation test. With a p-value of 0.000 and a correlation coefficient of r = -0.815, the statistical test established a strong and significant relationship between academic procrastination and self-efficacy. This inverse correlation indicates that students' procrastination decreased as their self-efficacy increased. This study emphasizes the importance of students' beliefs in their own abilities to succeed academically. Therefore, interventions aimed at enhancing self-efficacy through academic mentoring, skills training, and psychological support should be developed to reduce procrastination and promote timely and optimal thesis completion.
Academic procrastination, Nursing students, Relationship, Self-efficacy, Thesis writing.
Copyright (c) 2025 Carresa Anja Safara, Retno Isroviatiningrum, Muh Abdurrouf (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship Between Conflict Management in Study Groups and Teamwork Among Undergraduate Nursing Students at Sultan Agung Islamic University, Semarang
Conflict management is the ability of individuals or groups to handle differences of opinion and tension. Teamwork is an essential skill for nursing students, as the success of group tasks depends largely on communication, collaboration, and the ability to resolve conflicts that arise during the learning process. This study aims to analyze the relationship between conflict management in study groups and teamwork among nursing students. This study employs a cross-sectional technique and is quantitative in nature. There were 105 participants in this study The sample selection method using simple random sampling, namely random sampling, was used in this research. Data were analyzed using the Spearman rank test, utilizing a Likert scale consisting of 14 statements for the conflict management variable and 20 statements for the teamwork variable. With 60 respondents (57.1%), the majority of the outcomes from conflict management fall into the high category, according to the research that has been completed. With 59 responders (51.4%), teamwork is primarily rated as high. The p-value of 0.000 (<0.05) obtained from the statistical test indicates a relationship between the management of conflict in study groups and teamwork among undergraduate Nursing students at Sultan Agung Islamic University, Semarang.
Conflict Management, Teamwork, Study Groups, Nursing Students, Collaborative Learning.
Copyright (c) 2025 Farah Nura Ini, Retno Issroviatiningrum, Muh. Abdurrouf (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship Between the Quality of Health Services and the Level of Satisfaction of Outpatients at the Pati 1 Community Health Center
This study aims to determine the relationship between the quality of health services and the level of satisfaction of outpatients at the Pati 1 Community Health Center (UPTD Puskesmas Pati 1). The quality of health care services is a key determinant in shaping the level of patient satisfaction. The assessment of this quality is not solely based on the achievement of medical interventions, but also includes the attitudes of health care personnel, the timeliness of service delivery, as well as the condition and comfort of the facilities. This study used a quantitative method with a cross-sectional design. The study population consisted of all outpatients at the Pati 1 Community Health Center in April 2025, totaling 173 patients, with a sample of 121 respondents determined using the Slovin formula and accidental sampling technique. The research instruments were a health service quality questionnaire and a patient satisfaction questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using the Spearman Rank correlation test. The results showed that most respondents rated the quality of health services as good (62.8%) and patient satisfaction as satisfied (53.7%). The Spearman Rank test results showed a p-value of 0.000 (<0.05) with a correlation coefficient of 0.692, indicating a strong and positive relationship between the quality of health services and the level of patient satisfaction. The better the quality of services provided, the higher the level of outpatient satisfaction.
Quality of Health Services, Patient Satisfaction, Outpatients, Community Health Centers, Primary Health Care.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ersa Wahyu Nurcahyani, Retno Issroviatiningrum, Muh. Abdurrouf (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship between Parents' Attitudes, Behaviors, and Nutritional Knowledge and the Selection of Healthy Snacks for Early Childhood Children at Aisyiyah 3 Lasem Kindergarten
The selection of healthy snacks in early childhood plays a crucial role in developing good eating habits. Parents play a key role in determining the types of snacks given to children. This study aimed to determine the relationship between parental attitudes, behaviors, and nutritional knowledge and healthy snack choices among children at TK Aisyiyah 3 Lasem. The study used a cross-sectional design, with 114 parent and children respondents selected through total sampling. The research instrument used the BAQ-HH questionnaire, which had been developed and tested for validity and reliability. Data were analyzed univariately, bivariately using the Chi-Square test, and multivariately using binary logistic regression. The study showed that most parents had good knowledge (71.1%), positive attitudes (44.7%), and good behavior (68.4%), but the selection of healthy snacks for children was not optimal, where 57.9% were in the good category and 42.1% were still poor. Bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between parental attitudes and the choice of healthy snacks (p = 0.007). However, no significant relationship was found between behavior (p = 0.078) or knowledge (p = 0.869) with the choice of healthy snacks. The results of the multivariate analysis showed that behavior was the most dominant factor in the choice of healthy snacks for children, where parents with poor behavior where 112 times more likely to choose unhealty snacking (OR= 112,664; p= 0,004).
Attitudes, Behavior, Nutrition Knowledge, Healthy Snacks, Early Childhood.
Copyright (c) 2025 Monika Yunia Putri Riyanti, Herry Susanto, Indra Tri Astuti (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Correlation between Social Interaction and Independence in Activities of Daily Living with Depression Levels in Elderly People in Social Welfare Institutions
Entering the elderly phase involves various biological, psychological, and social declines. Physical limitations in daily activities and reduced social interactions often trigger mental health issues, particularly depression. This study aims to analyze the relationship between social interaction and independence in Activity of Daily Living (ADL) with the level of depression among the elderly living in social care homes. This quantitative research utilized a cross-sectional study design. The population consisted of elderly residents at the social care home. A sample of 135 respondents was selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data collection instruments included a social interaction questionnaire, the Barthel Index to measure ADL independence, and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) to assess depression levels. Data were analyzed using the Spearman Rank correlation test. Results the majority of respondents maintained good social interaction (63.0%) and a high level of independence (85.2%). Most of the elderly did not experience depression (66.7%). Statistical analysis revealed a significant relationship between social interaction and depression (p = 0.000, r = -0.315), showing a positive correlation where poorer social interaction relates to higher depression scores. Furthermore, a significant relationship was found between ADL independence and depression (p = 0.002, r = -0.267), indicating a negative correlation where higher independence is associated with lower levels of depression. Active social interaction and maintained physical independence contribute significantly to reducing the risk of depression among the elderly in social service environments. It is recommended that social care homes increase group activities and physical rehabilitation programs to sustain the mental well-being of the elderly.
Social Interaction, Independence, Activity of Daily Living, Depression, Elderly.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mutia Shofa, Iskim Luthfa, Moch. Aspihan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship between Mother's Parenting Style and the Level of Physical Independence of Children Aged 4-6 Years Old in Raudhatul Atfal Al-Falah Preschool
This study aims to determine the relationship between maternal parenting styles and the level of physical independence of preschool children (aged 4–6 years) at Raudhatul Athfal Al-Falah Sampang Karang Tengah Demak. Children's independence is an important aspect of growth and development, especially the ability to perform daily physical activities without dependence on others. This study used an analytical quantitative method with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 70 respondents selected using total sampling technique according to the inclusion criteria. Data were collected using a questionnaire that had been tested for reliability, then analyzed univariately and bivariately using Spearman's rank correlation test. The results showed that most mothers applied a democratic parenting style (51.4%), followed by permissive (41.4%) and authoritarian (7.1%). The level of children's physical independence was mostly in the independent category (55.7%). Bivariate tests showed a significant relationship between maternal parenting styles and children's physical independence (p = 0.002; r = –0.363). Parenting styles play a role in shaping children's physical independence, so a balanced parenting style between discipline and support is needed for children to develop optimally.
Maternal Parenting Style, Physical Independence, Preschool Children, Growth and Development, Raudhatul Atfal.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nila Khusnatun Nihayah, Kurnia Wijayanti (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship Between Gadget Use and Social Interaction among Students at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri 3 Demak Grade VII
Social interaction is a reciprocal relationship that occurs between individuals and groups. In the digital era, gadget use has become an inseparable part of students’ daily activities. Excessive gadget use may negatively affect students’ social behavior, especially their ability to communicate and interact with peers. If left unmanaged, students may become more focused on their gadgets rather than their surrounding environment. This research employed an analytic correlation design with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 158 respondents were selected using a random sampling technique. Data were collected through a gadget-use questionnaire (20 items) and a social-interaction questionnaire (10 items). Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square statistical test. The majority of students were categorized as having mild gadget dependency. Most respondents showed good social interaction. The Chi-Square analysis revealed a p-value of 0.0001 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant relationship between gadget use and social interaction among seventh-grade students at MTsN 3 Demak. There is a significant relationship between gadget use and social interaction. Higher levels of gadget use tend to be associated with lower levels of social interaction.
Gadgets, Social Interaction, Teenagers, Madrasah Tsanawiyah Students, Gadget Dependency, School Environment.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dian Fakhrul Muiz, Wahyu Endang Setyowati, Betie Febriana (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship Between Organizational Activity and Self-Image among Students at Sultan Agung Islamic University
Higher education institutions function not only as centers for the development of knowledge but also as platforms for shaping students’ character and personality. One important aspect of the learning process in universities is student involvement in campus organizations. Through these organizations, students have the opportunity to develop various personal potentials, such as leadership skills, time management, and communication abilities, all of which contribute to the formation of a positive self-image. This study addresses the importance of organizational involvement in the development of students’ self-image, particularly at Sultan Agung Islamic University, due to the limited number of studies examining this relationship in this context.This study uses a quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consists of 130 students selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires that measured students’ organizational involvement and their self-image. The Spearman Rank test was used to analyze the data.The results show that 63.8% of students have a good level of organizational involvement, and 77.7% of respondents demonstrate a positive self-image. Statistical analysis indicates a p-value of < 0.001, signifying a significant relationship between organizational involvement and self-image. The correlation coefficient of 0.884 indicates a strong and positive relationship, meaning that the more active students are in organizational activities, the better their self-image tends to be.
Organizational Activity, Student Self-Image.
Copyright (c) 2025 Liffia Layyinatus Syifa’, Bettie Febriana, Wahyu Endang Setyowati (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Hubungan Antara Pola Asuh Orang Tua Dengan Perilaku Merokok Remaja Laki-Laki Kelas 11 Di SMAN Demak
Risky behavior that commonly emerges during adolescence is cigarette smoking, which has detrimental effects on adolescents’ health and overall development. The increasing prevalence of smoking among individuals aged 10–18 years highlights the need for closer attention to the factors influencing this behavior. One important factor is parenting style, as it plays a crucial role in shaping character, instilling discipline, and strengthening adolescents’ capacity for self-regulation. This study employed a cross-sectional design, in which the independent variable (parenting style) and the dependent variable (smoking behavior) were measured simultaneously. The sample consisted of 128 male eleventh-grade students at SMAN Demak. Data were analyzed bivariately using the Gamma correlation test, a nonparametric statistical method appropriate for ordinal-scale variables. The Spearman Rank test yielded a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a statistically significant relationship between parenting style and smoking behavior among male adolescents. The Gamma correlation coefficient of −0.630 indicates a strong negative association, suggesting that more positive parenting styles are associated with lower tendencies to smoke. These findings confirm that positive and supportive parenting practices may serve as an important protective factor in preventing adolescents’ involvement in smoking behavior.
Adolescents, Male Adolescents, Parental Care, Parenting Style, Smoking Behavior
Copyright (c) 2025 Dhani Luthfi Hakim, Wigyo Susanto, Dwi Heppy Rochmawati (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of Active-Assistive ROM with Spherical Grip on Hand Grip Strength and Joint Range of Motion in Non-Hemorrhagic Stroke Patients
Non-hemorrhagic stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability, frequently resulting in upper-extremity muscle weakness, particularly reduced handgrip strength and limited joint range of motion. These impairments substantially diminish patients’ functional capacity and independence. Active-assisted Range of Motion (ROM) exercises combined with spherical grip training are believed to stimulate neuromuscular function and enhance muscle strength through repetitive motor practice. This study employed a pre-experimental two-group pretest–posttest design involving 36 respondents (18 in the intervention group and 18 in the control group) at RSUD Dr. H. Soewondo Kendal. Participants were selected using purposive sampling. Muscle strength was measured using Manual Muscle Testing (MMT), while joint range of motion was assessed with a goniometer. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon and Mann–Whitney tests. The findings demonstrated a significant improvement in handgrip strength and in most joint range-of-motion parameters following active-assisted ROM therapy with spherical grip (p ≤ 0.05). In contrast, the control group showed no statistically significant changes. These results indicate that active-assisted ROM therapy with spherical grip is effective in improving handgrip strength and joint range of motion in patients with non-hemorrhagic stroke. Therefore, this intervention is recommended as an integral component of nursing rehabilitation programs to enhance motor function and improve post-stroke quality of life
Handgrip Strength, Joint Range of Motion, Non-Hemorrhagic Stroke, Range of Motion, Spherical Grip.
Copyright (c) 2025 Eko Anggoro Santoso, Ahmad Ikhlasul Amal, Dwi Retno Sulistyaningsih (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Hubungan antara Dukungan Keluarga dengan Perilaku Pergaulan Bebas Mahasiswa di Semarang
Free social behavior among university students represents a complex social phenomenon influenced by the interaction between individual characteristics and immediate environmental factors, particularly the family as a primary support system. This study aimed to examine the relationship between family support and free social behavior among university students in Semarang. A quantitative correlational field study with a cross-sectional design was conducted among undergraduate students of the Faculty of Nursing at Sultan Agung Islamic University, Semarang. A total of 100 students were selected using purposive sampling from a population of 143 students. Data were collected using standardized questionnaires measuring family support and free social behavior, both of which demonstrated satisfactory validity and high reliability. Data analysis was performed using cross-tabulation and Spearman Rank correlation to determine the strength and direction of the association between variables. The results revealed a strong and statistically significant negative correlation between family support and free social behavior, indicating that higher levels of family support were associated with lower engagement in free social behavior. These findings emphasize the critical role of family support as a protective factor in shaping adaptive and responsible social behavior among university students, despite increasing independence and complex social environments.
Family Support, Free Social Behavior, University Students, Social Behavior, Family.
Copyright (c) 2025 Agatha Alfadiazti, Wigyo Susanto, Dwi Heppy Rochmawati (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship Between Masculine Gender Roles and Emotional Expression in Male Adolescents
Adolescent males are in a crucial developmental phase and are faced with social norms known as the Masculine Gender Role. This gender role often demands men to display strength, resilience, and Restrictive Emotionality (the limitation of emotional expression). The pressure to refrain from expressing feelings excessively, as it is often perceived to diminish masculinity, can hinder their emotional development. In the context of nursing, understanding this relationship is important to support mental health and promote healthy emotional expression in adolescent males. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the relationship between masculine gender role and emotional expression in adolescent males. Method: The type of research used was quantitative research with a cross-sectional design. The subjects of the study were adolescent males at SMA Negeri 1 Sultan Agung Semarang. The sample size in this study was 304 respondents. The bivariate test used to analyze the relationship between variables was the Spearman Rank correlation analysis. Results: Based on the Spearman Rank correlation analysis, a correlation coefficient (r) of -0.968 was obtained with a significance value (p) of p < 0.01. This result indicates a very strong and significant negative relationship between masculine gender role and emotional expression in adolescent males
Emotional, Expression, Gender Role, Male Adolescents, Masculine.
Copyright (c) 2025 Susan Susan, Wahyu Endang Setyowati, Betie Febriana (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of Diabetes Mellitus Education on the Treatment Motivation of Diabetes Mellitus Patients at the Mranggen 2 Community Health Center
Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease that requires long-term management. Low treatment motivation among patients often becomes an obstacle to successful therapy. Educational interventions have been shown to improve patients’ understanding and motivation in undergoing treatment. To determine the effect of diabetes education on treatment motivation among patients with Diabetes Mellitus. This study employed a quantitative design using a one-group pre–post test model. A total of 83 respondents were selected using purposive sampling. The instrument used was a motivation questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test (α = 0.05). Most respondents had moderate motivation before receiving education (98.8%), while only a small proportion had low motivation (1.2%). After the educational intervention, motivation increased, indicated by the rise in the high-motivation category to 41.0% and the decrease in the moderate category to 59.0%. Comparison of pretest and posttest scores showed that 67.5% of respondents experienced increased motivation, 24.1% experienced a decrease, and 8.4% showed no change. The Wilcoxon test produced a significance value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant difference between motivation before and after education.
Community Health Centers, Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes Patients, Health Education, Treatment Motivation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fina Ayu Kusuma, Iwan Ardian, Nutrisia Nu’im Haiya (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship between Family Support and Self-Efficacy on Resilience Levels in Stroke Patients
Stroke causes various physical, psychological, and social changes that may reduce a patient’s ability to adapt. Resilience plays a crucial role in helping patients manage their condition after a stroke. Family support and self-efficacy are important factors that can strengthen resilience; however, the level of resilience varies among individuals. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the relationship between family support, self-efficacy, and resilience among stroke patients. To determine the relationship between family support and self-efficacy with the level of resilience among stroke patients at Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital, Semarang. This study employed a quantitative correlational design with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 114 respondents were included using a total sampling technique. The instruments used were the Family Support Questionnaire, the Stroke Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, and the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale. Data were analyzed using the Spearman Rank correlation test. The findings revealed a significant relationship between family support and resilience (p = 0.000; r = 0.665), indicating a strong positive correlation. Self-efficacy and resilience (p = 0.000; r = 0.851), indicating a very strong positive correlation. These results show that higher family support and higher self-efficacy are associated with better resilience in stroke patients. There is a significant and strong relationship between family support and self-efficacy with the level of resilience among stroke patients. Increased family support and stronger self-efficacy contribute to higher resilience in managing post-stroke conditions.
Family Support, Self-Efficacy, Resilience, Stroke, Patient.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fadila Ananda, Dwi Retno Sulistyaningsih, Indah Sri Wahyuningsih (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0